草原露天矿区复垦地与未损毁地土壤物理性质对比

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0621

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以草原露天矿区为例，对比神华北电胜利露天煤矿南、北排土场复垦地和原地貌未损毁地土壤容重、土壤含水率、土壤砾石含量和土壤质地等物理指标，采用方差分析和拟合分析方法，研究复垦地与未损毁地土壤物理性质的差异性及其产生原因。结果表明：（1）复垦8 a的北排土场与复垦4 a的南排土场土壤容重、土壤含水率和土壤砾石含量均高于未损毁地土壤，而南排土场与未损毁地均为砂质壤土，北排土场为砂质黏壤土，拟合分析发现土壤砾石含量与土壤质地影响土壤容重和土壤含水率。（2）随着复垦年限延长，重构土壤容重、土壤砾石含量和砂粒含量呈现降低趋势，而土壤含水率、粉粒和黏粒含量呈现升高趋势；随着土层深度的增加，重构土壤容重、土壤含水率、粉粒和黏粒含量呈现升高趋势，而土壤砾石含量和砂粒含量呈现降低趋势。（3）总的来说，复垦8 a的北排土场土壤物理性质优于复垦4 a的南排土场，与未损毁地更为接近，其>20~40 cm土层土壤含水率明显高于0~20 cm土层，这可能是因为煤矸石具有良好保水性能，利用表土和煤矸石分层构建土壤剖面可能是表土稀缺的草原矿区土地复垦较理想的土壤重构模式。

关键词: 土地复垦, 土壤重构, 土壤物理性质, 排土场, 露天矿区

Abstract:

Taking the opencast mine of grassland as an example,comparison was made on the physical properties of soil bulk density,soil moisture content,soil gravel content and soil texture in the reclaimed land of south and north dumps and the undamaged land of the Shenhua Beidian Shengli Opencast Mine. The methods of variance analysis and fitting analysis were adopted to analyze the differences in physical properties of reclaimed and undamaged soils and the reasons for the dif-ferences. The results show that:(1) Soil bulk density,soil moisture content and soil gravel content in the 8-year reclaimed north dump and the 4-year reclaimed south dump are higher than those of in the undamaged land,while the soils of the south dump and the undamaged land are sandy loam,and the soil of the north dump is sandy clay loam. The fitting analysis shows that the soil bulk density and soil moisture content were affected by soil gravel content and soil texture. (2) With the extension of the reclamation years,soil bulk density,soil gravel content and sand content of soil texture showed a decreas-ing trend,while soil moisture content,silt content and clay content showed an increasing trend. With the increase of soil depth,soil bulk density,soil moisture content,silt content and clay content showed an increasing trend,while soil gravel content and sand content showed a decreasing trend. (3) In general,the soil physical properties of the 8-year reclaimed north dump are better than those of the 4-year reclaimed south dump,which is closer to the undestroyed land. Soil mois-ture content of the >20-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of the 0-20 cm soil layer,which indicates that coal gangue has good water retention capacity. It is an ideal soil reconstruction model using of topsoil and coal gangue to construct the soil profile for land reclamation in the grassland mining area where the topsoil is scarce.

Key words: land reclamation, soil reconstruction, soil physical property, dump, opencast mining area

中图分类号:

S153.6
TD88

黄雨晗, 况欣宇, 曹银贵, 罗古拜, 王舒菲, 杨庚, 白中科. 草原露天矿区复垦地与未损毁地土壤物理性质对比[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(7): 940-946.

HUANG Yu-han, KUANG Xin-yu, CAO Yin-gui, LUO Gu-bai, WANG Shu-fei, YANG Geng, BAI Zhong-ke. Comparison of Soil Physical Properties Between Reclaimed Land and Undamaged Land in Grassland Opencast Mining Area[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(7): 940-946.

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