生态安全评价方法及其应用

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态安全评价是生态安全研究的基础和前提，也是构建生态安全体系的核心部分。该研究通过回顾国内外生态安全评价研究发展历程，概述生态安全及其评价的概念和内涵，在此基础上从生态安全评价指标构建、评价指标权重确立、评价方法及其应用、评估结果分级等方面进行分析总结及特点述评，进而针对当前生态安全评价研究中存在的主要问题进行探讨，并展望了生态安全评价研究的发展方向。研究旨在为推进生态安全评价技术革新与探索提供参考和依据。

关键词: 生态安全评价, 评价方法, 评估模型

Abstract:

Ecological Security Assessment (ESA) is the basis and premise of ecological security research. The development progress of ESA is reviewed, and the concept and connotation of ESA are summarized. The following several aspects are focused on the construction of ecological security evaluation index, establishment of evaluation index weight, application of evaluation method, and classification of evaluation results. Based on the review, the problems which exist in the current ecological security evaluation are discussed and the development direction of ecological security evaluation research are prospected. The research aims to provide references for technological innovation and exploration for future development of ESA.

Key words: ecological security assessment, assessment method, assessment model

中图分类号:

Q149

曹秉帅, 邹长新, 高吉喜, 何萍. 生态安全评价方法及其应用[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(8): 953-963.

Bing-shuai, ZOU Chang-xin, GAO Ji-xi, HE Ping. Review on Methodology and Application of Ecological Security Assessment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(8): 953-963.

参考文献 91

[1]	BONHEUR N,LANE B D.Natural Resources Management for Human Security in Cambodia's Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2002,5(1):33-41.
[2]	高吉喜.生态安全是国家安全的重要组成部分[J].求是,2015(24):43-44.
[3]	邹长新,沈渭寿.生态安全研究进展[J].农村生态环境,2003,19(1):56-59.[ZOU Chang-xin,SHEN Wei-shou.Advances in Ecological Security[J].Rural Eco-Environment,2003,19(1):56-59.]
[4]	LI Z X,XU L Y.Evaluation Indicators for Urban Ecological Security Based on Ecological Network Analysis[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:1393-1399.
[5]	JIANG M M,CHEN B.Integrated Urban Ecosystem Evaluation and Modeling Based on Embodied Cosmic Exergy[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(13):2149-2165.
[6]	CARSON B R,DARLING D B L A.Silent Spring[M].Hamilton,USA:Houghton Mifflin Company,1962:103-198.
[7]	MARTINO J P.The Limits to Growth:A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,1973,4(3):323-332.
[8]	BROWN L R.Building a Sustainable Society[J].Society,1982,19(2):75-85.
[9]	WCED.Our Common Future:Chapter 11:Peace,Security,Development and the Environment[R].Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,1987:1-13.
[10]	BURTON I.Report on Reports:Our Common Future[J].Environment:Science and Policy for Sustainable Development,1987,29(5):25-29.
[11]	肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):354-358.[XIAO Du-ning,CHEN Wen-bo.On the Basic Concepts and Contents of Ecological Security[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(3):354-358.]
[12]	CHERRY W A.Comments:What Is Ecological Security?[J].Peace Research,1995,27(2):87-89.
[13]	余建星,蒋旭光,练继建.水资源优化配置方案综合评价的模糊熵模型[J].水利学报,2009,40(6):729-735.[YU Jian-xing,JIANG Xu-guang,LIAN Ji-jian.Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Optimal Deployment of Water Resources Based on Fuzzy Theory and Information Entropy[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(6):729-735.]
[14]	何焰,由文辉.水环境生态安全预警评价与分析:以上海市为例[J].安全与环境工程,2004,11(4):1-4.[HE Yan,YOU Wen-hui.The Ecological Alarm Assessment and Analysis of the Water Environment in Shanghai[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2004,11(4):1-4.]
[15]	曾畅云,李贵宝,傅桦.水环境安全及其指标体系研究:以北京市为例[J].南水北调与水利科技,2004,2(4):31-35.[ZENG Chang-yun,LI Gui-bao,FU Hua.Study on Water Environment Security and Its Evaluation Index System:A Case Study of Beijing[J].South-to-North Water Transfersomd and Water Science & Technology,2004,2(4):31-35.]
[16]	于小俸.城市大气环境生态安全评价原则与指标体系[J].环境研究与监测,2010,23(2):66-68,72.
[17]	逯元堂,吴舜泽,王金南,等.大气环境安全评估体系研究[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(3):128-133.[LU Yuan-tang,WU Shun-ze,WANG Jin-nan,et al.Study on Assessment System of Atmospheric Environmental Security[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(3):128-133.]
[18]	高吉喜,张惠远.构建城市生态安全格局从源头防控区域大气污染[J].环境保护,2014,42(6):20-22.
[19]	林玉锁,李波,张孝飞.我国土壤环境安全面临的突出问题[J].环境保护,2004,32(10):39-42.[LIN Yu-suo,LI Bo,ZHANG Xiao-fei.Problems of Soil Environmental Security in China[J].Environmental Protection,2004,32(10):39-42.]
[20]	王萌萌,李海龙,俞孔坚,等.国土尺度土壤侵蚀生态安全格局的构建[J].中国水土保持,2009(12):32-35,68.[WANG Meng-meng,LI Hai-long,YU Kong-jian,et al.Construction of National Ecological Security Pattern of Soil Erosion[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2009(12):32-35,68.]
[21]	张慧,付强,赵映慧.松嫩平原北部土壤重金属空间分异特征及生态安全评价[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):165-169.[ZHANG Hui,FU Qiang,ZHAO Ying-hui.Spatial Variability of Soil Heavy Metals and Ecological Quality Assessment in the Northern Songnen Plain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(2):165-169.]
[22]	郑永贤,张智光.森林旅游景区生态安全要素及其景观感知传递性分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(2):123-129,134.[ZHENG Yong-xian,ZHANG Zhi-guang.Analysis on Ecological Security Elements and Landscape Esthesia Transitivity of Forest Tourism Scenic Area[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2015,35(2):123-129,134.]
[23]	郑永贤,薛菲,张智光.森林旅游景区生态安全IRDS模型实证研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(12):2350-2361.[ZHENG Yong-xian,XUE Fei,ZHANG Zhi-guang.Ecological Security Measurement Using the IRDS Model in Forest Scenic Spots[J].Resources Science,2015,37(12):2350-2361.]
[24]	陈宗铸,黄国宁.基于PSR模型与层次分析法的区域森林生态安全动态评价[J].热带林业,2010,38(3):42-45.[CHEN Zong-zhu,HUANG Guo-ning.A Dynamic Assessment of Forest Ecological Security on Region-Scale in Application of PSR Model and Analytic Hierarchy Process[J].Tropical Forestry,2010,38(3):42-45.]
[25]	毛旭鹏,陈彩虹,郭霞,等.基于PSR模型的长株潭地区森林生态安全动态评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(6):82-86.[MAO Xu-peng,CHEN Cai-hong,GUO Xia,et al.A Dynamic Assessment of Forest Ecological Security in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiantan Area Based on PSR Model[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2012,32(6):82-86.]
[26]	赵庚星,林戈.黄河口耕地遥感动态监测及其生态环境安全分析[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(2):37-40.[ZHAO Geng-xing,LIN Ge.Remote Sensing Dynamic Change Monitoring of Cultivated Land and Ecological Environment Security Analysis in Region of YelIow River Mouth[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2004,18(2):37-40.]
[27]	王千,金晓斌,周寅康.河北省耕地生态安全及空间聚集格局[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):338-344.[WANG Qian,JIN Xiao-bin,ZHOU Yin-kang.Cultivated Land Ecological Security and Spatial Aggregation Pattern in Hebei Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(8):338-344.]
[28]	徐辉,雷国平,崔登攀,等.耕地生态安全评价研究:以黑龙江省宁安市为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):180-184,189.[XU Hui,LEI Guo-ping,CUI Deng-pan,et al.Study on Evaluation for Ecological Security of Cultivated Land:A Case Study of Ning'an City in Heilongjiang Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(6):180-184,189.]
[29]	杨子江.我国渔业生态安全的思考[J].中国渔业经济,2007,25(5):25-29.[YANG Zi-jiang.Study on China's Fishery Ecological Security[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2007,25(5):25-29.]
[30]	谢钦铭,朱清泉.区域水环境生态安全的预警系统构建初探[J].江西科学,2008,26(1):37-42,49.[XIE Qin-ming,ZHU Qing-quan.Primary Study on Construction of Early Warning System of Regional Water Environment Ecological Safe[J].Jiangxi Science,2008,26(1):37-42,49.]
[31]	王健,王佳迪.生态安全视角下的海洋渔业科技创新路径研究:以山东为例[J].中国渔业经济,2017,35(4):88-92.[WANG Jian,WANG Jia-di.Study on Marine Fisheries Science and Technology Innovation and Its Path of Development From the Perspective of Ecological Security:A Case of Shandong Province[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2017,35(4):88-92.]
[32]	曹新向.基于生态足迹分析的旅游地生态安全评价研究:以开封市为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(2):70-75.[CAO Xin-xiang.Ecological Security Evaluation of Tourism Destination Based on Ecological Footprint Analysies:A Case of Kaifeng City[J].China Population Resources and Environment,2006,16(2):70-75.]
[33]	贾铁飞,冯亚芬.生态脆弱地区旅游资源开发的生态安全评价:以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):187-193.[JIA Tie-fei,FENG Ya-fen.Ecological Security Assessment on Tourism Resources Development in Ecological Fragile District:A Case of Ordos,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(5):187-193.]
[34]	闫云平,余卓渊,富佳鑫,等.西藏景区旅游承载力评估与生态安全预警系统研究[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(增刊1):92-98.[YAN Yun-ping,YU Zhuo-yuan,FU Jia-xin,et al.Research on Tourist Environment Bearing Capacity Assessment and Ecological Security Warning System of Scenic Spots in Tibet[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2012,35(Suppl. 1):92-98.]
[35]	蓝志聪,黄小武.工业企业污染防治设施环境安全标准化[J].中国新技术新产品,2018(14):127-128.
[36]	黄冉冉,陈勇,唐荣彬,等.基于DPSIR的矿业城市生态安全多层次模糊综合云评价[J].工业安全与环保,2018,44(3):50-55.[HUANG Ran-ran,CHEN Yong,TANG Rong-bin,et al.Multi-Level Fuzzy Comprehensive Cloud Evaluation of Mining City Ecological Safety Based on DPSIR Model[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2018,44(3):50-55.]
[37]	巩芳,陶鹤争.基于BP-GM的工业污染生态安全预警系统研究[J].资源开发与市场,2013,29(3):237-239,298.[GONG Fang,TAO He-zheng.Research on BP-GM Early-Warning System of Industrial Pollution Ecological Security[J].Resource Development & Market,2013,29(3):237-239,298.]
[38]	李森,魏兴琥,张素红,等.生态城市建设的基本架构与转型途径:以广东省佛山市为例[J].热带地理,2007,27(4):354-359.[LI Sen,WEI Xing-hu,ZHANG Su-hong,et al.Basic Frame for Eco-Transformation of the City:A Case Study of Foshan[J].Tropical Geography,2007,27(4):354-359.]
[39]	谭清文,陈东辉,黄满红.基于BP神经网络的城市人居环境评价以青浦区为例[J].广东化工,2013,40(11):128-130.[TAN Qing-wen,CHEN Dong-hui,HUANG Man-hong.The Evaluation of the Quality of Urban Human Settlements Based on BP Artificial Neural Network:A Case of Qingpu District[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2013,40(11):128-130.]
[40]	郜彗,金家胜,李锋,等.中国省域农村人居环境建设评价及发展对策[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):835-843.[GAO Hui,JIN Jia-sheng,LI Feng,et al.Evaluation and Development Strategy of Provincial Rural Human Settlement Construction in China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(6):835-843.]
[41]	KULLENBERG G.Regional Co-Development and Security:A Comprehensive Approach[J].Ocean and Coastal Management,2002,45(11/12):761-776.
[42]	ALCAMO J,ENDEJAN M B,KASPAR F,et al.The GLASS Model:A Strategy for Quantifying Global Environmental Security[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2001,4(1):1-12.
[43]	STOETT P J.Global Environmental Security,Energy Resources and Planning:A Framework and Application[J].Futures,1994,26(7):741-758.
[44]	左伟,周慧珍,王桥.区域生态安全评价指标体系选取的概念框架研究[J].土壤,2003,35(1):2-7.[ZUO Wei,ZHOU Hui-zhen,WANG Qiao.Conceptual Framework for Selection of an Indicator System for Assessment of Regional Ecological Safety[J].Soils,2003,35(1):2-7.]
[45]	DABELKO G D,SIMMONS P J.Environment and Security:Core Ideas and US Government Initiatives[J].SAIS Review,1997,17(1):127-146.
[46]	OECD.Core Set of Indicators for Environmental Performance Reviews:A Synthesis Report by the Group on the State of the Environment[C].Paris,France:Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,1993.
[47]	UN CSD.Indicators of Sustainable Development:Framework and Methodologies[M].New York,USA:United Nations Publications,1996:7-10.
[48]	PIRRONE N,TROMBINO G,CINNIRELLA S,et al.The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(D)PSIR Approach for Integrated Catchment-Coastal Zone Management:Preliminary Application to the Po Catchment-Adriatic Sea Coastal Zone System[J].Regional Environmental Change,2005,5(2/3):111-137.
[49]	EEA.Environmental Indicators:Typology and Overview[C].Copenhagen,Denmark:European Environment Agency,1999.
[50]	FAO,UNDP,World Bank.Land Quality Indicators and Their Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop Organized by the Land and Water Development Division FAO Agriculture Department.Rome,Italy:[s. n.],1997:58-76.
[51]	王耕,吴伟.区域生态安全机理与扰动因素评价指标体系研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(5):11-15,148.[WANG Geng,WU Wei.Regional Ecological Security Mechanism and Impact Factors Indicator System[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(5):11-15,148.]
[52]	曹红军.浅评DPSIR模型[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28(增刊1):110-111,126.[CAO Hong-jun.An Initial Study on DPSIR Model[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,28(Suppl.1):110-111,126.]
[53]	康鹏,陈卫平,王美娥.基于生态系统服务的生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1192-1203.[KANG Peng,CHEN Wei-ping,WANG Mei-e.Advancesin in Ecosystem Service-Based Ecological Risk Assessment[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(5):1192-1203.]
[54]	YE H,MA Y,DONG L M.Land Ecological Security Assessment for Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Dali Based Using PSR Model:With Data in 2009 as Case[J].Energy Procedia,2011,5:2172-2177.
[55]	PEI L,DU L M,YUE G J.Ecological Security Assessment of Beijing Based on PSR Model[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:832-841.
[56]	ZHANG X C,MA C,ZHAN S F,et al.Evaluation and Simulation for Ecological Risk Based on Emergy Analysis and Pressure-State-Response Model in a Coastal City,China[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:221-231.
[57]	DU P J,XIA J S,DU Q,et al.Evaluation of the Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Urban Ecological Security Using Remote Sensing and GIS[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(3):848-863.
[58]	谈迎新,於忠祥.基于DSR模型的淮河流域生态安全评价研究[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,21(5):35-39.[TAN Ying-xin,YU Zhong-xiang.An Ecological Security Evaluation of Huaihe River Based on DSR[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),2012,21(5):35-39.]
[59]	江波,李红清,李志军,等.基于生态系统服务的洞庭湖湿地生态保护[J].湿地科学与管理,2015,11(3):46-50.[JIANG Bo,LI Hong-qing,LI Zhi-jun,et al.Ecosystem-Service Based Ecological Protection for Dongting Lake Wetlands[J].Wetland Science & Management,2015,11(3):46-50.]
[60]	朱莲莲,谢永宏,宋冰冰,等.基于DPSIR模型的湖南省生态安全评价及安全格局分析[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(6):1084-1090.[ZHU Lian-lian,XIE Yong-hong,SONG Bing-bing,et al.Ecological Security Assessment and Pattern Analysis of Hunan Province Based on DPSIR Model[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2016,37(6):1084-1090.]
[61]	NORTON S B,RODIER D J,VAN DER SCHALIE W H,et al.A Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment at the EPA[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1992,11(12):1663-1672.
[62]	彭文君,舒英格.喀斯特山区县域耕地景观生态安全及演变过程[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):852-865.[PENG Wen-jun,SHU Ying-ge.Analysis of Landscape Ecological Security and Cultivated Land Evolution in the Karst Mountain Area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):852-865.]
[63]	余健,房莉,仓定帮,等.熵权模糊物元模型在土地生态安全评价中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):260-266.[YU Jian,FANG Li,CANG Ding-bang,et al.Evaluation of Land Eco-Security in Wanjiang District Base on Entropy Weight and Matter Element Model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(5):260-266.]
[64]	HAN B L,LIU H X,WANG R S.Urban Ecological Security Assessment for Cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region Based on Fuzzy and Entropy Methods[J].Ecological Modelling,2015,318:217-225.
[65]	李佩武,李贵才,张金花,等.城市生态安全的多种评价模型及应用[J].地理研究,2009,28(2):293-302.[LI Pei-wu,LI Gui-cai,ZHANG Jin-hua,et al.Several Assessment Models and Application Analysis of Urban Ecological Security[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(2):293-302.]
[66]	陈冬冬,高旺盛,陈源泉.生态足迹分析方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1983-1988.[CHEN Dong-dong,GAO Wang-sheng,CHEN Yuan-quan.Research Progress on Ecological Footprint Analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(10):1983-1988.]
[67]	RESS W E,WACKERNAGEL M.Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:Measuring the Natural Capital Requirements of the Human Economy[J].Focus,1996,6(1):45-60.
[68]	LI X B,TIAN M R,WANG H,et al.Development of an Ecological Security Evaluation Method Based on the Ecological Footprint and Application to a Typical Steppe Region in China[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,39:153-159.
[69]	KANG P,XU L Y.The Urban Ecological Regulation Based on Ecological Carrying Capacity[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:1692-1700.
[70]	WU J G.Landscape Ecology,Cross-Disciplinarity,and Sustainability Science[J].Landscape Ecology,2006,21(1):1-4.
[71]	XIE H L,YAO G R,WANG P.Identifying Regional Key Eco-Space to Maintain Ecological Security Using GIS[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2014,11(3):2550-2568.
[72]	裴欢,魏勇,王晓妍,等.耕地景观生态安全评价方法及其应用[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(9):212-219.[PEI Huan,WEI Yong,WANG Xiao-yan,et al.Method of Cultivated Land Landscape Ecological Security Evaluation and its Application[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(9):212-219.]
[73]	何东进,游巍斌,洪伟,等.近10年景观生态学模型研究进展[J].西南林业大学学报,2012,32(1):96-104.[HE Dong-jin,YOU Wei-bin,HONG Wei,et al.Research Advances in Landscape Ecology Modeling in the Latest 10 Years[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2012,32(1):96-104.]
[74]	JOGO W,HASSAN R.Balancing the Use of Wetlands for Economic Well-Being and Ecological Security:The Case of the Limpopo Wetland in Southern Africa[J].Ecological Economics,2010,69(7):1569-1579.
[75]	王耕,刘秋波,丁晓静.基于系统动力学的辽宁省生态安全预警研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(2):144-149.[WANG Geng,LIU Qiu-bo,DING Xiao-jing.Research on City Eco-Security Early-Warning in Liaoning Province Based on System Dynamics[J].Environmental Science and Management,2013,38(2):144-149.]
[76]	张梦婕,官冬杰,苏维词.基于系统动力学的重庆三峡库区生态安全情景模拟及指标阈值确定[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4880-4890.[ZHANG Meng-jie,GUAN Dong-jie,SU Wei-ci.Scenarios Simulation and Indices Thresholds Determination of Ecological Security in Three Gorges Reservoir Based on System Dynamics[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(14):4880-4890.]
[77]	陈英,孔喆,路正,等.基于RBF神经网络模型的土地生态安全预警:以甘肃省张掖市为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):264-270.[CHEN Ying,KONG Zhe,LU Zheng,et al.Land Ecological Security Early-Warning Based on RBF Neural Network:A Case of Zhangye in Gansu Province[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(1):264-270.]
[78]	JIANG X.Urban Ecological Security Evaluation and Analysis Based on Fuzzy Mathematics[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,15:4451-4455.
[79]	CHEN T,JIN Y Y,QIU X P,et al.A Hybrid Fuzzy Evaluation Method for Safety Assessment of Food-Waste Feed Based on Entropy and the Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods[J].Expert Systems With Applications,2014,41(16):7328-7337.
[80]	SHEN L Y,ZHOU J Y,SKITMORE M,et al.Application of a Hybrid Entropy-McKinsey Matrix Method in Evaluating Sustainable Urbanization:A China Case Study[J].Cities,2015,42:186-194.
[81]	YU G M,ZHANG S,YU Q W,et al.Assessing Ecological Security at the Watershed Scale Based on RS/GIS:A Case Study From the Hanjiang River Basin[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2014,28(2):307-318.
[82]	SKITER N,ROGACHEV A F,MAZAEVA T I.Modeling Ecological Security of a State[J].Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,2015,6(3):184-192.DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s6p185.
[83]	CEN X T,WU C F,XING X S,et al.Coupling Intensive Land Use and Landscape Ecological Security for Urban Sustainability:An Integrated Socioeconomic Data and Spatial Metrics Analysis in Hangzhou City[J].Sustainability,2015,7(2):1459-1482.
[84]	TRAN L T,KNIGHT C G,O'NEILL R V,et al.Fuzzy Decision Analysis for Integrated Environmental Vulnerability Assessment of the Mid-Atlantic Region[J].Environmental Management,2002,29(6):845-859.
[85]	LIU D,CHANG Q.Ecological Security Research Progress in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(5):111-121.
[86]	HE D M,WU R D,FENG Y,et al.REVIEW:China's Transboundary Waters:New Paradigms for Water and Ecological Security Through Applied Ecology[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,51(5):1159-1168.
[87]	TIAN J Y,GANG G S.Research on Regional Ecological Security Assessment[J].Energy Procedia,2012,16:1180-1186.
[88]	彭晶倩,李琳,曹雯等.城市湖泊水环境安全评价研究[J].环境保护科学2010,36(5):62-64.[PENG Jing-qian,LI Lin,CAO Wen,et al.Evaluation for Water Environment Security of Urban Lakes[J].Environmental Protection Science,2010,36(5):62-64.]
[89]	刘欣,葛京凤,冯现辉.河北太行山区土地资源生态安全研究[J].干旱区资源与环境2007,21(5):68-74.[LIU Xin,GE Jing-feng,FENG Xian-hui.Study on Ecological Security of Land Resources in TaiHang Mountain HeBei[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(5):68-74.]
[90]	鲍文沁,徐正春,刘萍.中国生态安全评价研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(11):135-140.[BAO Wen-qin,XU Zheng-chun,LIU Ping.Research Progress of Ecological Security Assessment in China[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015,42(11):135-140.]
[91]	刘红,王慧,张兴卫.生态安全评价研究述评[J].生态学杂志2006,25(1):74-78.[LIU Hong,WANG Hui,ZHANG Xing-wei.Research Review on Ecological Security Assessment[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(1):74-78.]