中国北方南美白对虾不同养殖模式环境影响生命周期评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0673

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为在水产养殖产业链中找到造成环境污染的严重环节，笔者通过实地调研收集日照地区南美白对虾养殖行业相关投入产出数据，运用eFootprint软件对2种养殖模式（工厂化养殖和池塘养殖）的环境影响进行生命周期评价，包括2种养殖模式同一养殖环节的横向对比以及同一个养殖模式3个养殖环节的纵向对比。结果显示：在2种养殖模式中，工厂化养殖模式产生的环境影响大于池塘养殖模式产生的环境影响；各指标环境影响大小顺序为水资源消耗 > 富营养化潜值 > 气候变化 > 酸化 > 初级能源消耗；工厂化和池塘养殖模式水资源消耗的环境影响指数分别为17.72和4.73，富营养化潜值指数分别为6.12和2.24，气候变化环境影响指数分别为3.46和0.91，酸化环境影响指数分别为2.63和0.77，初级能源消耗环境影响指数分别为0.69和0.17。因此，加强水产养殖上游行业的环境治理，权衡池塘养殖和工厂化养殖的生产规划和提高水资源的有效利用水平，是推动水产养殖业绿色健康发展的关键。

关键词: 水产养殖, 生命周期评价, 环境影响, 养殖模式

Abstract:

In order to find the key stage causing serious environmental pollution in aquaculture industry production, relevant input and output data of the Penaeus vannamei industry in Rizhao City was collected by field research. The eFootprint software was used to evaluate the life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts of the two culture modes (industrial aquaculture and pond culture). The results show that the environmental impact of the industrial aquaculture were greater than that of pond culture. Among the environmental impacts, the most influential factors were water resource consumption index, the eutrophication potential value index, the climate change environmental impact index, the acidification environmental impact index and the primary energy consumption environmental impact index. Environmental impact index of water resource consumption in industrial aquaculture and in pond culture were 17.72 and 4.73, the eutrophication potential value impact index 6.12 and 2.24, the climate change environmental impact index 3.46 and 0.91, the acidification environmental impact index 2.63 and 0.77, the primary energy consumption environmental impact index 0.69 and 0.17, respectively. Therefore, strengthening environmental management in the upstream industry of aquaculture, trading-off the production planning of pond culture and industrial aquaculture, improving the effective use of water resources are the key measures to promote healthy development of aquaculture.

Key words: aquaculture, life cycle assessment, environmental impact, aquaculture modes

中图分类号:

X826
S949

陈丽娇, 杨怀宇, 张静怡, 孙琛. 中国北方南美白对虾不同养殖模式环境影响生命周期评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(8): 986-991.

CHEN Li-jiao, YANG Huai-yu, ZHANG Jing-yi, SUN Chen. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Different Penaeus vannamei Systems in Northern China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(8): 986-991.

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