基于MODIS数据的山东省秸秆焚烧与空气质量关系探析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0537

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 秸秆焚烧释放的各类气体污染物和细微颗粒对空气质量影响极大，是大气污染的来源之一。MODIS传感器具有灵敏度高、时效性强和空间覆盖宽等优势，利用其数据对秸秆焚烧进行监测，可以快速获取大范围内秸秆焚烧火点的位置、数量和烈度等信息。采用基于MODIS发展的上下文算法提取火点，并收集研究区空气质量指数（air quality index，AQI），PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO₂、SO₂、CO和O₃ 6个空气质量分指数（individual air quality index，IAQI）数据以及相关气象数据，将山东省17个地市按照"是否沿海岸线分布"划分为沿海地区和内陆地区，对比分析秸秆焚烧对空气质量影响的差异性。将两类地区每日空气质量数据进行空间插值，对得到的区域所有栅格点的空气质量指数总和与该区域火点数进行时间序列上的相关性分析，进而分析秸秆焚烧造成的污染对环境空气质量的影响程度以及内陆、沿海地区空气污染的差异性。结果表明，火点数量与空气质量指数总和呈现正相关关系，且分别与AQI、PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃这4个指数呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01），火点增多产生的污染物使空气质量指数升高，导致空气质量下降。同时，沿海地区秸秆焚烧火点与空气质量指数的相关性强于内陆地区火点与空气质量指数的相关性，这表明大气扩散条件是研究秸秆焚烧环境效应的重要前提条件之一。

关键词: MODIS, 火点提取, 空气质量, 相关分析, 秸秆焚烧

Abstract: Among various sources of pollution, outdoor straw burning has a great impact on air quality through releasing various kinds of air pollutants and fine particles, shaping one of the sources of air pollution. MODIS instrument has the advantages of high sensitivity, timeliness and wide spatial coverage and using its data to monitor straw burning events can quickly identify the location, amount and severity of fire spots across a wide region. MODIS data in partnership with the contextual algorithm was used to extract fire spots in Shandong Province in the current work. The values of six air quality indices including PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃, as well as the meteorological data were collected. Additionally, 17 cities in Shandong Province were grouped into two categories, coastal region and inland region according to their proximity to the coastlines to derive a targeted analysis that focuses on the influential differences in air quality imposed by straw burning. Specifically, by carrying out the spatial interpolation with daily air quality data for the two regions, the correlation between the fire points and the total air quality index of all grid points in the region was analyzed. And then the impact of contamination caused by burning straws on environmental air quality, as well as differences of air quality between coastal and inland region were discussed. As a result, a significantly positive correlation between the amount of fire spots and the total air quality index was observed. Of which, there was a significant correlation between straw burning and AQI, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and O₃, indicating that the increase in fire spots leads to an increase of air quality indices, accordingly, a poor air quality gained. Furthermore, the correlation presented in the coastal region was stronger than that presented in the inland region, indicating that the atmospheric spread condition is one of the important prerequisites when examining the environmental impacts of straw burning.

Key words: MODIS, fire spot detection, air quality, correlation analysis, straw burning

中图分类号:

苏慧毅, 翟梦真, 王文林, 李明诗. 基于MODIS数据的山东省秸秆焚烧与空气质量关系探析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(9): 1127-1135.

SU Hui-yi, ZHAI Meng-zhen, WANG Wen-lin, LI Ming-shi. Assessing the Responsive Relationships Between Straw Burning From MODIS Data and Air Quality in Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(9): 1127-1135.

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