生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 1445-1452.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0693

• 污染控制与修复 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市郊农田土壤重金属积累特征及评价

张又文1,2, 韩建华3, 涂棋2, 杨永安4, 徐艳2, 师荣光2   

  1. 1. 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110866;
    2. 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191;
    3. 天津市农业环境保护管理监测站, 天津 300061;
    4. 天津市玉米良种场, 天津 301508
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-30 发布日期:2019-11-19
  • 通讯作者: 师荣光 E-mail:winsomesky@163.com
  • 作者简介:张又文(1991-),女,吉林省吉林市人,硕士生,主要研究方向为土壤重金属污染评价技术。E-mail:youwen119@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金;国家自然科学基金面上项目(41371463)

Accumulation Characteristics and Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Suburban Farmland Soils of Tianjin

ZHANG You-wen1,2, HAN Jian-hua3, TU Qi2, YANG Yong-an4, XU Yan2, SHI Rong-guang2   

  1. 1. School of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
    2. Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;
    3. Tianjin Agricultural Environmental Protection Management Station, Tianjin 300061, China;
    4. Tianjin Maize Elite Seed Farm, Tianjin 301508, China
  • Received:2018-10-30 Published:2019-11-19

摘要: 以天津市郊农田土壤为研究对象,采集东丽、西青、津南和北辰4区水浇地、旱地和园地3种土地利用类型的327个土壤表层(0~20 cm)样品,分析测定土壤中As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Ni 5种重金属含量。结果表明,天津市郊农田土壤重金属As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Ni平均含量依次为10.01、33.71、0.32、56.95和33.50 mg·kg-1,除Cr含量外其他重金属元素含量均高于天津市土壤环境背景值,呈现一定的积累特征。以GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》为评价标准,As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Ni 5种重金属元素中仅Pb、Cd和As超标,超标率分别为3.06%、14.07%和0.31%,表明天津市郊一些农田土壤存在Cd污染,个别农田土壤存在Pb和As污染,其余重金属元素对农田土壤造成污染的风险很低。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对农田土壤重金属污染程度进行评价,结果表明,天津市郊土壤Cd污染处于警戒限水平,按区域划分,Cd在东丽区存在一定污染,按不同土地利用类型划分,Cd在园地存在一定污染,其余重金属元素均处于安全水平。总体而言,天津市郊农田土壤除了存在一定程度的Cd污染外,其他各重金属污染风险较低。

关键词: 天津市郊, 农田土壤, 重金属, 积累特征

Abstract: In order to obtain the pollution status of heavy metals in suburban farmland soils of Tianjin City, five heavy metal elements including As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in 327 farmland soil samples from four suburban areas of Dongli, Xiqing, Jinnan and Beichen Districts were collected and analyzed. Results show that the average concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in soils were 10.01, 33.71, 0.32, 56.95 and 33.50 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were higher than their soil environmental background values of Tianjin except for Cr. Among the five heavy metals, Pb, Cd and As exceeded the "Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618-2018)" with the exceeding rates of 3.06%, 14.07% and 0.31%, respectively. It suggested that contamination by Cd occurred in some of the farmland soils in Tianjin suburbs, and a small amount of farmland soils were contaminated by Pb and As, while the risk of soil contamination by other heavy metals was low. Evaluation of pollution degree of heavy metals in farmland soils by both single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method show that the contamination of Cd in Tianjin suburban soils was at the alerting level. High Cd concentrations were mainly distributed in Dongli District, and in orchard soils. Other heavy metals were at safe levels. Overall, except for Cd, the risk of heavy metals pollution in surburban farmland soils of Tianjin City was low.

Key words: Tianjin suburb, farmland soil, heavy metal, accumulation characteristics

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