Abstract: Based on the statistical data of planting output value, effective irrigated area and material input in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2017, the carbon emission from planting industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was calculated by using the IPCC carbon emission coefficient method. The spatio-temporal characteristics of carbon emission from planting industry in this region were revealed and the driving factors of carbon emissions were analyzed by using LMDI model. The results show that:(1) The carbon emissions of planting industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were controlled effectively and showed a decreasing trend, while the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of planting industry in different provinces and cities were significantly different. Chemical fertilizer was the main source of carbon emission in planting industry, accounting for more than 50%, while the proportion of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and tillage input was decreasing. (2) The agricultural economic level was the most important driving factor for the increase of carbon emissions from planting industry in this region. The agricultural production efficiency was the most important driving factor to reduce the carbon emission from the planting industry, and the agricultural production structure played an important role in promoting the carbon emission from the planting industry as a whole, and the size of the agricultural labor force played an important role in restraining the carbon emission from the planting industry as a whole. In order to realize the high-quality development of low-carbon and green agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, some relevant policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of adapting measures to local conditions, highlighting the key points, guiding by science and technology, optimizing the structure and so on.