岷江上游山地生态系统服务地域分异过程与补偿阈值

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0164

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态系统服务供给侧与需求侧是当前地理科学研究的热点和前沿领域，也是人地关系具象化的表征物。针对岷江上游低阈值生态安全、高风险生态退化、多民族交融共生的区域特征，初步探索岷江上游山地生态系统服务地域过程与补偿阈值的研究方法，为该区域的生态文明研究提供理论依据。结果表明，1995-2010年间岷江上游生态系统服务的地域分异特征显著，生态补偿额度的区域差异也比较明显。2010年草地和农田生态系统服务价值比1995年分别增加了3.70×10⁹和0.62×10⁹元，而2010年林地生态系统服务价值比1995年减少13.17×10⁹元，造成研究区域整体生态系统服务价值降低。林地和草地对岷江上游生态系统服务价值的贡献较大，空间上呈现东多西少的分布格局。人口修正的生态补偿额度为正值的区域集中在岷江上游的西北地区和正东部，负值区域集中在黑水、松潘和理县附近；乡镇面积修正的生态补偿额度为正值的区域集中在松潘和黑水县，而负值区域集中在茂县和汶川县附近；综合修正生态补偿额度为负值的区域集中在研究区域的西北地区，而正值区域集中在黑水、松潘和理县。研究结果可为深入认识流域内生态系统服务与人类社会福祉的耦合关系以及藏羌民族生态补偿的科学分配提供数据支撑。

关键词: 山地生态系统服务, 地域分异, 生态补偿阈值, 岷江上游

Abstract: The supply side and demand side of ecosystem services are the hot issues and frontier domains of geo-science research, and also the characterization of man-land relationship. The upstream of Minjiang River belongs to special physical geographical zones and fragile areas of Hengduan Mountains. The vertical differentiation of geographical environment, diversity of nationality, and fusion of economic and social environment impact the imbalance between the supply side and demand side of ecosystem services, and further create spatial location characteristics of ecosystem service compensation threshold. Focusing on the coexistence of dislocation on low economic density with high ecological surplus located at high semi-mountainous area and high economic density with high ecological deficit located at the upstream of Minjiang River, this research primarily explored regional differentiation laws on ecosystem functions as well as ecosystem services and the threshold of ecological compensation. It povides theoretical basis for ecological civilization in this study site. The results indicate that the regional differences of ecosystem services and ecological compensations were obvious in the upstream of Minjiang River during 1995-2010. The detailed information is as following:the ecosystem service values of grassland and cropland increased by 3.70×10⁹ and 0.62×10⁹ yuan in 2010 compared to those in 1995, respectively. However, the ecosystem service value of woodland decreased by 13.17×10⁹ yuan in 2010 compared to that in 1995. The total ecosystem service value decreased due to the decreasing magnitude of ecosystem service value of woodland was larger than the increasing magnitude of ecosystem service values of grassland and cropland. Woodland and grassland contributed a lot to total ecosystem service value in the upstream of Minjiang River, and the ecosystem service values in eastern area were larger than those in western area from spatial distribution maps of the ecosystem service value. The positive values of ecological compensation based on population concentrated in the northwest and east of the upstream of Minjiang River, while the negative values concentrated in the vicinity of Heishui, Songpan and Lixian counties. The positive values of ecological compensation based on the village area concentrated in Songpan and Heishui counties, while the negative values concentrated near Maoxian and Wenchuan counties. The areas whose compreshensively corrected ecological compensations were negative concentrated in the northwest of the study area, while the areas with positive compreshensively corrected ecological compensations concentrated in Heishui, Songpan and Lixian counties. Theses achievements provide the foundation for a deeper appreciation of coupling relationship between ecosystem service and human welfare, and a watershed-scale solution act for rational allocating the ecological compensation in Tibetan and Qiang autonomous region.

Key words: mountainous ecosystem services, regional differentiation, ecological compensation thresholds, upstream of Minjiang River

中图分类号:

樊敏. 岷江上游山地生态系统服务地域分异过程与补偿阈值[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(10): 1289-1298.

FAN Min. Regional Differentiation of Mountainous Ecosystem Services and Ecological Compensation Thresholds in the Upstream of Minjiang River[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(10): 1289-1298.

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