生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 1378-1386.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0805

• 区域环境与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市城乡交错区农村居民点林木树冠覆盖动态研究

刘佳1,2,3, 李彤1,2,3, 贾宝全1,2,3   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所, 北京 100091;
    2. 国家林业与草原局林木培育重点实验室, 北京 100091;
    3. 国家林业与草原局城市森林研究中心, 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-04 发布日期:2019-11-19
  • 通讯作者: 贾宝全 E-mail:jiabaoquan2006@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘佳(1994-),女,河北廊坊人,硕士,主要从事景观生态学及城市林业方面的研究工作。E-mail:1139879510@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201404030103);北京市自然科学基金(8152031)

Study on Dynamic Changes of Tree Canopy of Rural Residential Areas in Urban and Rural Interlaced Areas of Beijing

LIU Jia1,2,3, LI Tong1,2,3, JIA Bao-quan1,2,3   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;
    3. Research Centre of Urban Forestry, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
  • Received:2018-12-04 Published:2019-11-19

摘要: 城乡交错区是城市与乡村的过渡地带,土地类型变化频繁,人地矛盾突出。以北京市城乡交错区为研究对象,通过林木树冠覆盖这一新指标,以覆盖研究区域的分辨率为0.5 m的2002年8-9月真彩色航片和2013年8-9月的WordView-2卫星影像为基础,探讨2002和2013年该区域农村居民点林木树冠覆盖的变化情况,以期为目前乡村振兴大背景下的农村居民点生态环境建设提供一些有益的理论与实践指导。研究结果显示,2002-2013年间,城乡交错区整体的林木树冠覆盖率由19.54%增加到22.15%,农村居民点数量减少428个,居民点平均林木树冠覆盖率由17.78%增加到25.01%。从林木树冠覆盖等级来看,2013年高覆盖度和极高覆盖度农村居民点数量所占比例比2002年分别提高14.27和6.45百分点,极低覆盖度农村居民点数量占比减少0.13百分点。在空间分布上,无论是2002年还是2013年,农村居民点林木树冠覆盖率均呈现随着环路增加而增加的变化趋势。11 a间,一直保留存在的居民点林木树冠覆盖率由19.03%减少至16.39%,对其的土地转移概率矩阵分析发现,该类村庄中,建设用地最稳定,保持自身不变的概率达到84.50%。新增农村居民点林木树冠覆盖率(25.70%)明显高于消失农村居民点林木树冠覆盖率(15.54%)。对不同变化模式农村居民点变化部分的统计分析显示,扩张、新增和边缘新增模式的农村居民点林木树冠覆盖率分别为25.05%、25.70%和27.71%。

关键词: 林木树冠覆盖, 农村居民点, 城乡交错区, 北京

Abstract: Urban-rural ecotone is a transitional zone between urban and rural areas with frequent changes in land types and the prominent contradiction between human and land. Taking the urban-rural ecotone of Beijing as the research object, we developed a new index of tree canopy and analyzed the changes of tree canopy in rural residential areas in 2002 and 2013 based on the true color aerial photographs of August-September 2002 and WordView-2 satellite images of August-September 2013 with the resolution of 0.5 m in order to provide some useful theoretical and practical guidances for the ecological environment construction of rural residential areas under the background of the current rural revitalization. The results show that the overall tree canopy in the urban-rural ecotone increased from 19.54% to 22.15% from 2002 to 2013, the number of rural residential areas decreased by 428, and the average tree canopy in residential areas increased from 17.78% to 25.01%. From the tree canopy level, the proportion of rural residential areas with high coverage and very high coverage in 2013 increased by 14.27 percentage points and 6.45 percentage points respectively compared with that of 2002. The proportion of rural residential areas with very low coverage decreased by 0.13 percentage points during this period. In terms of spatial distribution, for both 2002 and 2013, the tree canopy in rural residential areas showed an increasing trend with the increase of ring roads. Over the 11 years, the tree canopy in old residential areas reduced from 19.03% to 16.39%. The probability matrix analysis of land transfer showes that the construction land is the most stable and the probability of keeping itself unchanged is 84.50%. The tree canopy in the newly emerging rural residential areas (25.70%) is significantly higher than that in the disappeared rural residential areas (15.54%). Statistical analysis on the changes of rural residential areas in different change modes show that the tree canopy rates of the expanded, newly increased and marginally increased rural residential areas were 25.05%, 25.70% and 27.71%, respectively.

Key words: tree canopy, rural settlement, urban-rural ecotone, Beijing

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