徐州农田土壤重金属空间分布及来源分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0240

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采集徐州89个农田表层（0~20 cm）土壤样品并测试土壤中Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、Zn和Ni 8种重金属含量，运用多元统计分析和地统计分析方法研究土壤重金属主要来源，并探讨土壤重金属空间分布规律。结果表明，研究区农田土壤重金属含量均未超过GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》中水旱轮作农田土壤风险筛选值，满足耕作要求。Hg、Pb、Cu和Cr平均含量高于徐州/江苏土壤背景值，存在一定富集趋势。从土壤种植类型角度分析，发现水稻种植土壤中Cd、As、Cr、Zn和Ni含量相对较高。不同类型土壤中暗棕壤Hg含量相对较低，黄壤Pb含量较高。土壤中Cd、As、Cu、Zn和Ni含量受母质影响较大，Pb和Hg含量主要受人为活动影响较大。As、Zn、Cr和Ni含量峰值在铜山区和沛县北部及贾汪区西部地区分布较多，Pb、Cd和Cu含量峰值出现在邳州地区，Hg含量峰值分布与城区人类活动有关。

关键词: 农田土壤, 重金属, 空间分布, 生态风险

Abstract: The concentrations of 8 metals (Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni) were measured in the surface soil (0-20 cm) from 89 farmlands in Xuzhou, China. Sources and spatial distributions of the heavy metals were analyzed using multivariate approaches and the ordinary Kriging method. Major conclusions are as follows. The mean concentrations of all 8 heavy metals in the soil were below the critical limits of the national safety standards, therefore meeting the farming requirement. The mean concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cu and Cr were higher than the background values of Xuzhou and Jiangsu, which suggested a potential metal contamination. In terms of the soil type, Cd, As, Cr, Zn and Ni in paddy soil were relatively enriched among different soil plantations. The concentrations of Hg in dark brown soil was relatively low and Pb in yellow soil was high among 4 types of soil. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicate that the sources of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Ni were mainly parent materials, whereas Pb and Hg have anthropogenic sources. High concentrations of As, Zn, Cr and Ni were noted in the north of Tongshan District and Peixian County and in the west of Jiawang District. The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu peak was in Pizhou, while the highest concentration of Hg was likely related to human activities in urban areas.

Key words: farmland soil, heavy metal, spatial distribution, ecological risk

中图分类号:

徐蕾, 肖昕, 马玉, 韩筱璇. 徐州农田土壤重金属空间分布及来源分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(11): 1453-1459.

XU Lei, XIAO Xin, MA Yu, HAN Xiao-xuan. Sources and Spatial Distributions of Heavy metals in Xuzhou Farmland Soils[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(11): 1453-1459.

参考文献

[1] 刀谞,霍晓芹,张霖琳,等.我国土壤中主要元素监测技术及难点[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(5):12-21.[DAO Xu,HUO Xiao-qin,ZHANG Lin-lin,et al.Over View of Main Soil Element Heavy Metal Monitoring Technology and Difficulties in China[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2018,34(5):12-21.]
[2] 陈卫平,杨阳,谢天,等.中国农田土壤重金属污染防治挑战与对策[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):261-272.[CHEN Wei-ping,YANG Yang,XIE Tian,et al.Challenges and Countermeasures for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Farmlands of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(2):261-272.]
[3] WANG A T,WANG Q,LI J,et al.Geo-Statistical and Multivariate Analyses of Potentially Toxic Elements' Distribution in the Soil of Hainan Island (China):A Comparison Between the Topsoil and Subsoil at a Regional Scale[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2019,197:48-59.
[4] WANG S,CAI L M,WEN H H,et al.Spatial Distribution and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soil From a Typical County-Level City of Guangdong Province,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,655:92-101.
[5] QU M K,WANG Y,HUANG B,et al.Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals Using Robust Absolute Principal Component Scores-Robust Geographically Weighted Regression (RAPCS-RGWR) Receptor Model[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,626:203-210.
[6] SONG H Y,HU K L,AN Y,et al.Spatial Distribution and Source Apportionment of the Heavy Metals in the Agricultural Soil in a Regional Scale[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18(3):852-862.
[7] FACCHINELLI A,SACCHI E,MALLEN L.Multivariate Statistical and GIS-Based Approach to Identify Heavy Metal Sources in Soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,114(3):313-324.
[8] SUN C Y,LIU J S,WANG Y,et al.Multivariate and Geostatistical Analyses of the Spatial Distribution and Sources of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in Dehui,Northeast China[J].Chemosphere,2013,92(5):517-523.
[9] 李保杰,顾和和,于法展,等.徐州市区土壤重金属空间分布研究[J].测绘科学,2011,36(5):82-84,89.[LI Bao-jie,GU He-he,YU Fa-zhan,et al.Spatial Distribution of Soil Heavy Metals in Xuzhou City[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2011,36(5):82-84,89.]
[10] 廖启林,刘聪,许艳,等.江苏省土壤元素地球化学基准值[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1363-1378.[LIAO Qi-lin,LIU Cong,XU Yan,et al.Geochemical Baseline Values of Elements in Soil of Jiangsu Province[J].Geology in China,2011,38(5):1363-1378.]
[11] 张浩嘉,刘汉湖,肖昕,等.徐州北郊煤矿区优势植物调查及重金属富集特征研究[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2017,38(2):92-96.[ZHANG Hao-jia,LIU Han-hu,XIAO Xin,et al.Study on Dominant Plants and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metal From a Coal Mine Area in Northern Xuzhou[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University(Engineering Science),2017,38(2):92-96.]
[12] GB 15618-2018,土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].
[13] 高祥冠,常江.徐州九里湖地区塌陷地的土壤重金属调查与评价[J].中国矿业,2018,27(11):87-92,115.[GAO Xiang-guan,CHANG Jiang.The Soil Heavy Metal Survey and the Evaluation of Jiu-Li Lake Region Coal Mining Subsidence Land in Xuzhou City,China[J].China Mining Magazine,2018,27(11):87-92,115.]
[14] 何博,赵慧,王铁宇,等.典型城市化区域土壤重金属污染的空间特征与风险评价[J].环境科学,2019,40(6):2869-2876.[HE Bo,ZHAO Hui,WANG Tie-yu,et al.Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils From a Typical Urbanized Area[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(6):2869-2876.]
[15] HUANG Y,WANG L Y,WANG W J,et al.Current Status of Agricultural Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in China:A Meta-Analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,651:3034-3042.
[16] LUO P,XIAO X,HAN X X,et al.Application of Different Single Extraction Procedures for Assessing the Bioavailability of Heavy Metal(Loid)s in Soils From Overlapped Areas of Farmland and Coal Resources[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2019,26(15):14932-14942.
[17] 王玉军,欧名豪.徐州农田土壤养分和重金属含量与分布研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1438-1450.[WANG Yu-jun,OU Ming-hao.Contents and Distribution of Soil Nutrients and Heavy Metal Elements in Farmlands of Xuzhou[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(6):1438-1450.]
[18] 周秋红.有色冶金区不同暴露途径Pb、Cd和Cu生物可给性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[19] 于元赫,吕建树,王亚梦.黄河下游典型区域土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2865-2874.[YU Yuan-he,LÜ Jian-shu,WANG Ya-meng.Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils in Typical Areas around the Lower Yellow River[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2865-2874.]
[20] LÜ J,ZHANG Z L,LI S,et al.Assessing Spatial Distribution,Sources,and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Nansi Lake,Eastern China[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2014,299(3):1671-1681.
[21] LÜ J,WANG Y M.Multi-Scale Analysis of Heavy Metals Sources in Soils of Jiangsu Coast,Eastern China[J].Chemosphere,2018,212:964-973.
[22] LUO Y Y,ZHOU X H,ZHANG J Z,et al.PM_2.5 Pollution in a Petrochemical Industry City of Northern China:Seasonal Variation and Source Apportionment[J].Atmospheric Research,2018,212:285-295.
[23] LU A X,WANG J H,QIN X Y,et al.Multivariate and Geostatistical Analyses of the Spatial Distribution and Origin of Heavy Metals in the Agricultural Soils in Shunyi,Beijing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,425:66-74.
[24] 王裕顺,李彤,吴燕玉,等.土壤环境背景值中铜锌锰钴的活性与农业生产的关系[J].中国环境监测,1993,9(3):49-52.