基于种植业面源污染控制的星云湖流域种植业结构优化

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0781

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以星云湖流域为研究对象，种植业化肥流失量最低为目标函数，种植面积、粮食需求、经济状况等为约束构建线性规划模型，得到2020年星云湖流域种植结构的优化结果：（1）2005-2015年种植面积最大的是经济作物（1 1069.93 hm²），最小的是果树（909.40 hm²），缓坡地的种植面积远远大于陡坡地。总体上水稻、旱粮的种植面积逐渐减少，经济作物逐渐增加，果树先增加后稳定。（2）优化后预测2020年星云湖流域水稻的种植面积为3 471.56 hm²，旱粮为2 571.53 hm²，经济作物为7 966.92 hm²，果树为2 149 hm²。相对于2015年，2020年水稻面积增长1 276.49 hm²，旱粮增长1 051.84 hm²，果树增加1 239.6 hm²，经济作物减少3 103.01 hm²。（3）预测2020年优化后的种植结构下化肥流失量总计663.79 t，2015年为890.55 t，减少25.47%。在各种污染物中总氮减少最多，其次为总磷和氨氮，硝态氮和可溶性磷的流失量有所增加。

关键词: 面源污染, 种植业结构, 线性规划模型

Abstract: Taking the minimum loss amount of chemical fertilizer as the objective function, and using the planting area, grain demand, economic situation and other aspects as the constraint conditions, the linear programming model was built to get the optimization results of planting structure of Xingyun Lake Basin in 2020 are as follows:(1) The economic crop's largest planting area about 11 069.93 hm², and the fruit tree had the smallest area about 909.40 hm² in 2005-2015. The planting area of gentle slope was much larger than that of steep slope. On the whole, the planting area of rice and dry crop decreased gradually in 2005-2015; the planting area of the economic crop increased gradually; and the planting area of the fruit tree showed a trend that increased at first and then stabilized. (2) After the optimization of the planting structure, the planting area of rice, dry crop, economic crop and fruit tree in Xingyun Lake Basin will be 3 471.56, 2 571.53, 7 966.92 and 2 149 hm², respectively, in 2020. Comparing the situations in 2015, the planting area of rice, dry crop and fruit tree will increase by 1 276.49, 1 051.84 and 1 239.6 hm², respectively, and the planting area of economic crop will decrease by 3 103.01 hm². (3) In 2020, the loss amount of chemical fertilizer after the optimization of planting structure will be 633.79 t, which is 25.47% lower than that in 2015 (890.55 t) in Xingyun Lake Basin. In all kinds of pollutants, the loss amount of total nitrogen decreases most and those of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen also decrease, while those of nitrate nitrogen and dissoluble phosphorus increase somewhat.

Key words: non-point source pollution, planting structure, linear programming model

中图分类号:

X826

郑田甜, 赵筱青, 顾泽贤, 普军伟, 卢飞飞, 苗培培. 基于种植业面源污染控制的星云湖流域种植业结构优化[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(12): 1550-1556.

ZHENG Tian-tian, ZHAO Xiao-qing, GU Ze-xian, PU Jun-wei, LU Fei-fei, MIAO Pei-pei. Optimization of Planting Structure in Xingyun Lake Basin Based on Planting Non-Point Source Pollution Control[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(12): 1550-1556.

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