突发污染事故对水源地的影响研究:以长江南京段为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0253

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来伴随人类活动的加剧，突发污染事故频发，严重威胁了水源安全。该研究通过构建长江下游大通到徐六泾感潮河段下的二维水动力水质模型，结合长江南京段潜在环境风险，设定长江南京段马汊河工业事故、南京长江三桥船舶事故2种情景，模拟突发污染物苯酚的迁移扩散过程。结果表明：在马汊河事故中，仅龙潭水源地受到30.5 h的影响。在三桥事故中，江浦-浦口水源地受影响时长最短，为18 h；龙潭水源地受影响时长最长，为146 h；夹江水源地在南北侧事故中受影响时长分别为154和18 h。污染带在迁移扩散过程中中心浓度降低，范围扩大，下游水源地受影响时间加长；同时南京段独特的汊道地形以及潮汐作用的影响大大增加了下游水源地受影响的时间。研究结果可为突发水污染事故中各水源地错峰调水方案提供选择依据，为水源应急方案提供理论支撑。

关键词: 迁移扩散, 饮用水源地, 时空分布, 二维水动力水质

Abstract: Sudden water pollution accident is a major threat to water quality of drinking water sources. In this study, the process of pollutant and transport was examined based on two-dimensional hydrodynamic and quality model simulations by taking the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River as an example. Two scenarios (i.e., industrial accident and ship accident) were set up to simulate the transport and diffusion of phenol during the dry season. The results show that in the industrial accident at Machahe, only Longtan water source was affected by 30.5 hours; while in the ship accident at the Yangtze River Third Bridge of Nanjing, all the five water sources were affected. Jiangpu-pukou water source was affected for the shortest time, 18 h and Longtan water source was affected for the longest time, 146 h. Downstream water source was affected for a longer period with the increase in the length of the polluted zone, which was mainly related to the tital action and the ramp terrain in the Nanjing section. The results can provide technical support for regulating water supply during sudden water pollution accidents and can serve as the basis for response to water source emergency.

Key words: transport and diffusion, drinking water source, spatial-temporal distribution, two-dimensional hydrodynamic and quality model

中图分类号:

X507
X522

王青青, 吴昊, 王腊春, 季晓敏. 突发污染事故对水源地的影响研究:以长江南京段为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(12): 1557-1563.

WANG Qing-qing, WU Hao, WANG La-chun, JI Xiao-min. Study on the Impact of Sudden Pollution on Water Resources: A Case Study of Nanjing Section of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(12): 1557-1563.

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