咖啡种植模式对蚂蚁多样性的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0348

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 打造绿色有机咖啡园，选择保持生态和经济效益平衡的咖啡种植模式是咖啡种植业亟需解决的问题。通过对云南省普洱市咖啡种植园蚂蚁多样性的调查，探讨咖啡种植模式对蚂蚁多样性的影响。分别于2015年9月与2016年8月，采用陷阱法对咖啡纯林（K）、钝叶黄檀-咖啡混农林（DK）、钝叶黄檀-玉米混农林（DY）及橡胶-咖啡混农林（XK）中树栖和地表蚂蚁进行标本采集，分析蚂蚁多样性、群落结构相似性和指示物种。地表蚂蚁多样性中4种类型样地物种丰富度、多度及ACE估计值均存在显著差异（P<0.05），多度大小排序为DK > K > DY > XK，物种丰富度和ACE估计值大小排序为DK > DY > K > XK。而各类型样地树冠层蚂蚁多样性间差异不显著（P>0.05）。地表层和树冠层蚂蚁群落结构均存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。4种类型样地各有1种指示物种，咖啡纯林为开普刺结蚁，钝叶黄檀-咖啡混农林为毛发铺道蚁，钝叶黄檀-玉米混农林为罗氏铺道蚁，橡胶-咖啡混农林为立毛举腹蚁。阳光咖啡对当地的蚂蚁多样性有一定消极影响，荫蔽咖啡较阳光咖啡有提高蚂蚁多样性的趋势，采用本地树种与咖啡混作的荫蔽咖啡种植模式有助于保护当地蚂蚁多样性。

关键词: 咖啡, 种植模式, 复合农林系统, 蚂蚁多样性, 群落结构, 指示物种

Abstract: There is an urgent need for coffee planters in Yunnan Province, China to create greenly organic coffee plantations which could balance the ecological and the economic benefits. This study explored the effect of coffee cultivation pattern on ant biodiversity by measuring diversity in different coffee plantations. Using pitfall traps, the ants in pure coffee plantations (K), Dalbergia obtusifolia-coffee mixed forests (DK), Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn mixed forests (DY) and rubber-coffee mixed forests (XK) were sampled twice in September 2015 and August 2016. Ant diversity, structural similarity and indicator species in the four habitats were calculated. There were significant differences in species richness, abundance and ACE(abundance-base coverage estimator)among the four types of habitats. The ant abundance was highest in DK, followed by K, DY and XK; while species richness and ACE were highest in DK, followed by DY, K and XK (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in species richness, abundance and ACE for canopy-foraging ants in the 4 sites (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the significant difference in community structure was detected for ground-foraging ants and canopy-foraging ants in the 4 sites. Moreover, for each site, one indicator species was detected, with Lepisiota capensis in K habitats, Tetramorium ciliatum in DK habitats, Tetramorium wroughtonii in DY habitats and Crematogaster ferrarii in XK habitats. In conclusion, pure coffee plantations significantly negatively affected ant diversity, while coffee agroforestry was higher with ant diversity than coffee monoculture. Moreover, coffee agroforestry with native trees as shade trees contributed to the conservation of ants.

Key words: coffee, cultivation pattern, agroforestry, ant diversity, community structure, indicator species

中图分类号:

X176

于潇雨, 卢志兴, 李巧, 燕迪, 陈又清. 咖啡种植模式对蚂蚁多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(12): 1601-1609.

YU Xiao-yu, LU Zhi-xing, LI Qiao, YAN Di, CHEN You-qing. Effect of Coffee Cultivation Patterns on Ant Diversity[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(12): 1601-1609.

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