重金属污染土壤中施加荔枝木生物炭对向日葵植株吸收累积铅镉砷的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0861

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 1610-1616.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0861

重金属污染土壤中施加荔枝木生物炭对向日葵植株吸收累积铅镉砷的影响

刘俊^1,2,3, 朱宇¹, 李志良¹, 曾宪琳¹, 管庆莲¹, 胡劲松^1,2,3, 朱允华^1,2,3, 谢红艳^1,2,3, 李银银¹, 蔡元松¹, 王锦霞¹, 彭翠英^1,2,3

1. 南华大学衡阳医学院, 湖南衡阳 421001;
2. 有色金属矿区耕地重金属污染生态阻抗技术研究衡阳市重点实验室, 湖南衡阳 421001;
3. 生物毒理与生态修复衡阳市重点实验室, 湖南衡阳 421001

收稿日期:2018-12-21 发布日期:2019-12-21
通讯作者: 刘俊 E-mail:nhuliujun@126.com
作者简介:刘俊(1976-),男,湖南湘乡人,副教授,博士,主要从事重金属等环境污染物的生物毒理及其生态修复与生态阻控、生态规划与景观设计、生态学理论及其应用研究。E-mail:nhuliujun@126.com
基金资助:
湖南省教育厅重点项目（15A168）；湖南省自然科学基金（2018JJ2325）；衡阳市科技计划项目（2018KJ111，2016KF14）；南华大学大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目（2018XJXZ203，2018XJXZ396，X2019170）

Effects of Applying Lychee Biochar on the Absorption, Accumulation of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic in Sunflower Plants in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

LIU Jun^1,2,3, ZHU Yu¹, LI Zhi-liang¹, ZENG Xian-ling¹, GUAN Qing-lian¹, HU Jing-song^1,2,3, ZHU Yun-hua^1,2,3, XIE Hong-yan^1,2,3, LI Yin-yin¹, CAI Yuan-song¹, WANG Jin-xia¹, PENG Cui-ying^1,2,3

1. Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
2. The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Hengyang 421001, China;
3. The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Hengyang 421001, China

Received:2018-12-21 Published:2019-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在重金属复合污染的矿区菜地中，通过施用不同水平（w分别为2.5%、5%和10%）的荔枝木生物炭对土壤进行改良，研究向日葵（Helianthus annuus）植株的生物量，向日葵植株累积Pb、Cd和As的总量及其在各器官的分布。结果表明：随着生物炭施用量的增加，向日葵植株生物量显著增加，在生物炭用量为5%时，向日葵植株生物量达到最大值，但过量的生物炭抑制了向日葵的生长。生物炭增强了向日葵对重金属复合污染土壤的修复能力，向日葵植株累积的重金属总量比对照组显著增加，Pb、Cd和As的增长幅度分别为22.90%~58.92%、15.76%~42.25%和67.92%~109.78%。在重金属污染土壤施用生物炭，向日葵叶与花托中Pb、Cd和As的累积含量显著增加，根、茎和籽粒中的累积含量随生物炭用量的增加显著下降。向日葵籽粒中的Pb、Cd和As含量比对照组分别下降78.13%、46.18%和50.23%，但仍无法达到GB 2762-2017《国家食品安全标准食品中污染物限量》中坚果及籽类的限量标准[w（Pb）≤ 0.2 mg·kg^-1，w（Cd）≤ 0.5 mg·kg^-1]，仅可作为生物能源材料进行开发利用。

关键词: 荔枝木生物炭, 向日葵, 铅镉砷, 吸收与累积

Abstract: Different amounts of lychee biochar (2.5%, 5% and 10%) were added to heavy metal contaminated soils, with the purposes to analyze and compare the effects of biochar addition on the biomass of sunflower plants and accumulation and distribution of Pb, Cd and As in the sunflower plant and organ. The primary results of the experiments are as follows:With increasing amount of biochar, the biomass of sunflower plants increased significantly. At the addition of 5%, the biomass of sunflower plants reached the maximum, but excessive biochar inhibited the growth of sunflower. The addition of biochar enhanced the ability of sunflower to repair heavy metal contaminated soil. The total amount of Pb, Cd and As accumulated in sunflower plants increased significantly compared to the control group. The increase ranges were 22.90%-58.92%, 15.76%-42.25% and 67.92%-109.78% for Pb, Cd, As, respectively. The addition of biochar in heavy metal contaminated soil significantly increased the contents of Pb, Cd and As in leaves and receptacles of sunflower, but the contents in roots, stems and seeds decreased significantly with the increase of biochar. The contents of Pb, Cd and As in sunflower seeds decreased by 78.13%, 46.18% and 50.23%, respectively, compared to the control group. Although application of biochar to the contaminated soils could reduce effectively heavy metal contents in sunflower seeds, Pb and Cd contents in sunflower seeds were still higher than the contamination limit in the National Food Safety Standards (GB 2762-2017) in nuts and seeds (0.2 and 0.5 mg·kg^-1, respectively). It is not edible and can be used as a bio-energy material.

Key words: lychee biochar, sunflower, Pb, Cd and As, uptake and accumulation

中图分类号:

X826

刘俊, 朱宇, 李志良, 曾宪琳, 管庆莲, 胡劲松, 朱允华, 谢红艳, 李银银, 蔡元松, 王锦霞, 彭翠英. 重金属污染土壤中施加荔枝木生物炭对向日葵植株吸收累积铅镉砷的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(12): 1610-1616.

LIU Jun, ZHU Yu, LI Zhi-liang, ZENG Xian-ling, GUAN Qing-lian, HU Jing-song, ZHU Yun-hua, XIE Hong-yan, LI Yin-yin, CAI Yuan-song, WANG Jin-xia, PENG Cui-ying. Effects of Applying Lychee Biochar on the Absorption, Accumulation of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic in Sunflower Plants in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(12): 1610-1616.

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重金属污染土壤中施加荔枝木生物炭对向日葵植株吸收累积铅镉砷的影响

Effects of Applying Lychee Biochar on the Absorption, Accumulation of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic in Sunflower Plants in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

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