垂序商陆对土壤中镉的累积动力学及施肥影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0421

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设置不同浓度处理与施肥处理的温室盆栽实验，研究垂序商陆（Phytolacca americana）对土壤中Cd的累积动力学，以及硫酸铵[（NH₄）₂SO₄]和尿素（CH₄N₂O）作为氮肥、氯化钾（KCl）作为钾肥对垂序商陆生长和吸收累积Cd的影响。结果表明，在土壤Cd含量为10 mg·kg^-1时，垂序商陆表现出最高的累积系数（BCF，10.37）和迁移速率（TF，2.78），在15~30 d时累积速率最高（21.1 μg·d^-1），吸收速率常数也较高[（0.21±0.01）d^-1]；垂序商陆对Cd的吸收速率常数随着暴露时间的增加而逐渐降低，15、30、60和90 d时分别为（0.35±0.02）、（0.21±0.01）、（0.11±0.01）和（0.09±0.01）d^-1；分别使用（NH₄）₂SO₄和CH₄N₂O作为氮肥，当N含量为400 mg·kg^-1时，垂序商陆地上部Cd含量分别增加183.6%和142.3%，生物量分别提高165.3%和150.4%，Cd累积量分别增加478.7%和337.3%；使用KCl作为钾肥，当K含量为600 mg·kg^-1时，垂序商陆地上部Cd含量提高264.4%，但生物量仅提高1.4%，钾肥处理组垂序商陆Cd累积量低于氮肥处理组。

关键词: 垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana), 镉, 累积动力学, 钾肥, 氮肥

Abstract: Greenhouse pot-culture experiments with different concentration and fertilization treatments were carried out to study the kinetics of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Phytolacca americana and the effect of ammonium sulfate[(NH₄)₂SO₄] and urea (CH₄N₂O) as nitrogen fertilizer and potassium chloride (KCl) as potassium fertilizer on plant growth and Cd accumulation in P. americana. When the Cd concentration in soil was 10 mg·kg^-1, P. americana showed the highest bioaccumulation factor (BCF, 10.37) and transfer factor (TF, 2.78). The highest accumulation rate (21.1 μg·d^-1) and uptake rate constant[(0.21±0.01) d^-1] were found during the period of 15 days to 30 days. The absorption rate constant decreases with the increasing exposure time:k_{u,15 d}[(0.35±0.02) d^-1] > k_{u,30 d}[(0.21±0.01) d^-1] > k_{u,60 d}[0.11±0.01) d^-1] > k_{u,90 d}[(0.09±0.01) d^-1]. When the (NH₄)₂SO₄ and CH₄N₂O concentration was 400 mg·kg^-1 as nitrogen fertilizer, it increased by 183.6% and 142.3% Cd content in the shoots of P. americana, about 165.3% and 150.4% biomass and about 478.7% and 337.3% Cd accumulation in tissues of P. americana respectively. Although KCl could significantly increase Cd concentrations by 264.4% when KCl concentration was 600 mg·kg^-1, it could only increase by about 1.4% biomass of P. americana which resulting in the Cd accumulation in tissues of P. americana treated by potassium fertilizer to be lower than treated by nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: Phytolacca americana, cadmium, accumulation kinetics, potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer

中图分类号:

王琪, 张振华, 王长永, 章嫡妮. 垂序商陆对土壤中镉的累积动力学及施肥影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(12): 1617-1625.

WANG Qi, ZHANG Zhen-hua, WANG Chang-yong, ZHANG Di-ni. The Accumulation Kinetics of Phytolacca americana Accumulating Cadmium in Soil and Its Response to Fertilization[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(12): 1617-1625.

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