锡林郭勒盟风沙源治理区防风固沙功能变化评估

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0325

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 监测评估生态工程区的生态功能变化是实施推进生态治理修复工程的重要参考。基于修正风蚀方程（RWEQ）与GIS技术，评估分析了风沙源治理工程区内锡林郭勒盟的防风固沙功能动态变化，并重点探讨了降水量和植被覆盖度对防风固沙功能的影响。结果表明：2000-2015年锡林郭勒盟年均防风固沙量为14.56亿t，单位面积防风固沙约为74.78 t·hm^-2，且分别以7.1%和6.3%的年均速率波动增加。整体来看，锡林郭勒盟防风固沙功能由东南向西北及东北方向递减，主要原因是东北部潜在风蚀风险较低。相比2000年，2015年锡林郭勒盟有32.63%的地区防风固沙能力升高，51.82%的地区稳定，另有15.55%的地区防风固沙能力下降。此外，锡林郭勒盟防风固沙功能变化与降水量和植被覆盖度变化均呈显著相关。因此，风沙源治理工程区防风固沙功能的提升应综合考虑气候变化、生态工程和人类活动的影响。

关键词: 防风固沙, 风蚀, 时空变化, 植被覆盖度, 降水量, 锡林郭勒盟

Abstract: Resulting from natural processes or induced by human activities, desertification is an important global ecological and environmental challenge. China has recently initiated a series of ecological restoration programs at national and regional scales. However, regular monitoring and assessment of related ecosystem services in the ecological engineering areas can also provide fundamental references for the implementations of desertification control measures. This study estimated the dynamic changes of sand-fixing service in Xilin Gol League, which is located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the north-western part of an extensive sandstorm source control project region, and represents 44% of the total project area. The RWEQ model was applied, and the influences of rainfall and vegetation coverage on sand-fixing capacity were analyzed. The results indicate that the average annual amount of sand-fixing service reached 1.456 billion tons of sand during the period of 2000-2015, with an average sand-fixing capacity of 74.78 t·hm^-2. These values annually increased by 7.1% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, the sand-fixing service in Xilin Gol League showed a gradually decreasing trend from southeast to northwest and northeast, mainly due to the lower wind erosion risk in the northeastern part. Compared with 2000, approximately 32.63% of the Xilin Gol League area presented an improvement in the sand-fixing service in 2015, also, the degradation area and unchanged area of sand-fixing service occupied 15.55% and 51.82%, respectively. Furthermore, the change of sand-fixing service significantly correlated with vegetation coverage and rainfall in Xilin Gol League. The results reveal that the integrated influences of climate change, ecological engineering and human activities on sand-fixing service should receive more attention, and additional effective control measures on wind erosion in the weak improvement regions should be adopted.

Key words: sand-fixing, wind erosion, spatial-temporal change, vegetation coverage, rainfall, Xilin Gol League

中图分类号:

X826

张彪, 王爽. 锡林郭勒盟风沙源治理区防风固沙功能变化评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(3): 291-299.

ZHANG Biao, WANG Shuang. Dynamic Changes of the Sand-fixing Service in the Sandstorm Source Control Region of Xilin Gol League[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(3): 291-299.

参考文献 35

[1]	SYMEONAKIS E,KARATHANASIS N,KOUKOULAS S,et al.Monitoring Sensitivity to Land Degradation and Desertification With the Environmentally Sensitive Area Index:The Case of Lesvos Island[J].Land Degradation & Development,2016,27(6):1562-1573.
[2]	KARAMESOUTI M,PANAGOS P,KOSMAS C.Model-based Spatio-temporal Analysis of Land Desertification Risk in Greece[J].Catena,2018,167:266-275.
[3]	李庆旭,张彪,王爽,等.京津风沙源区2000-2015年植被覆盖状况的区域差异研究[J].地学前缘,2018,25(5):298-304.[LI Qing-xu,ZHANG Biao,WANG Shuang,et al.Regional Differences of Vegetation Cover in the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region From 2000 to 2015[J].Geosciences Frontiers,2018,25(5):298-304.]
[4]	石莎,邹学勇,张春来,等.京津风沙源治理工程区植被恢复效果调查[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(2):86-92.[SHI Sha,ZOU Xue-yong,ZHANG Chun-lai,et al.Investigation of Vegetation Restoration in the Area of Beijing and Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,7(2):86-92.]
[5]	严恩萍,林辉,党永峰,等.2000-2012年京津风沙源治理区植被覆盖时空演变特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):5007-5020.[YAN En-ping,LIN Hui,DANG Yong-feng,et al.The Spatiotemporal Changes of Vegetation Cover in Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Region During 2000-2012[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(17):5007-5020.]
[6]	卫洁,雷添杰,孔冬梅,等.基于遥感的京津风沙源区植被覆盖变化监测[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2019,42(1):242-252.[WEI Jie,LEI Tian-jie,KONG Dong-mei,et al.Vegetation Dynamics Based on Remote Sensing in Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region[J].Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition),2019,42(1):242-252.]
[7]	高尚玉,张春来,邹学勇.京津风沙源治理工程效益[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:51-53.[GAO Shang-yu,ZHANG Chun-lai,ZOU Xue-yong.Benefits of Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:51-53.]
[8]	吴丹,巩国丽,邵全琴,等.京津风沙源治理工程生态效应评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(11):117-123.[WU Dan,GONG Guo-li,SHAO Quan-qin,et al.Ecological Effects Assessment of Beijing and Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(11):117-123.]
[9]	迟文峰,匡文慧,贾静,等.京津风沙源治理工程区LUCC及土壤风蚀强度动态遥感监测研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2018,33(5):965-974.[CHI Wen-feng,KUANG Wen-hui,JIA Jing,et al.Study on Dynamic Remote Sensing Monitoring of LUCC and Soilwind Erosion Intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Region[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2018,33(5):965-974.]
[10]	DU H Q,WANG T,XUE X.Potential Wind Erosion Rate Response to Climate and Land-use Changes in the Watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River,China,1986-2013[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2017,42(13):1923-1937.
[11]	巩国丽,刘纪远,邵全琴.基于RWEQ的20世纪90年代以来内蒙古锡林郭勒盟土壤风蚀研究[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(6):825-834.[GONG Guo-li,LIU Ji-yuan,SHAO Quan-qin.Wind Erosion in Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia Since the 1990s Using the Revised Wind Erosion Equation[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(6):825-834.]
[12]	丁文广,赵晨,陈利珍,等.1975-2014年锡林郭勒盟沙漠化时空演变分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(1):60-67.[DING Wen-guang,ZHAO Chen,CHEN Li-zhen,et al.Spatial-temporal Evolution of Desertification in Xilinguole League During 1975-2014[J].Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2017,53(1):60-67.]
[13]	王艳琦,银山,郭恩亮,等.基于landsat-8 OLI影像的沙漠化动态分析:以锡林郭勒盟为例[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(5):58-63.[WANG Yan-qi,YIN Shan,GUO En-liang,et al.Desertification Dynamic Analysis Based on Landsat-8 Oli Image:Take Xilin Gol League as an Example[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition),2018,39(5):58-63.]
[14]	申陆,田美荣,高吉喜,等.浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区防风固沙功能的时空变化及驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):73-82.[SHEN Lu,TIAN Mei-rong,GAO Ji-xi,et al.Spatio-temporal Change of Sand-fixing Function and Its Driving Forces in Desertification Control Ecological Function Area of Hunshandake,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):73-82.]
[15]	京津风沙源治理工程二期规划思路研究项目组.京津风沙源治理工程二期规划思路研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:1-188.
[16]	巩国丽,刘纪远,邵全琴.草地覆盖度变化对生态系统防风固沙服务的影响分析:以内蒙古典型草原区为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(3):426-434.[GONG Guo-li,LIU Ji-yuan,SHAO Quan-qin.Effects of Vegetation Coverage Change on Soil Conservation Service of Typical Steppe in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2014,16(3):426-434.]
[17]	徐广才,康慕谊,Marc Metzger,等.锡林郭勒盟生态脆弱性[J].生态学报,2012,32(5):1643-1653.[XU Guang-cai,KANG Mu-yi,MARC Metzger,et al.Ecological Vulnerability Research for Xilingol League,Northern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(5):1643-1653.]
[18]	曹立国,刘普幸,张克新,等.锡林郭勒盟草地对气候变化的响应及其空间差异分析[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):789-794.[CAO Li-guo,LIU Pu-xing,ZHANG Ke-xin,et al.Analysis on Response of Grasslands to Climate Change and Its Spatial Difference in Xilingol League[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(5):789-794.]
[19]	孙小龙,刘朋涛,李平.近三十年来锡林郭勒草原植被NDVI指数动态分析[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(6):23-28.[SUN Xiao-long,LIU Peng-tao,LI Ping.The Dynamic State of the NDVI Index in Xilingol Grassland During 1981-2010[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(6):23-28.]
[20]	张俊文.锡林郭勒盟牧区城镇化发展模式研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2019.[ZHANG Jun-wen.Research on the Development Model of Urbanization in Xilingol League Pastoral Area[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2019.]
[21]	邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.[ZOU Xue-yong,ZHANG Chun-lai,CHENG Hong,et al.Classification and Representation of Factors Affecting Soil Wind Erosion in a Model[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(8):875-889.]
[22]	FRYREAR D W,BILBRO J D,SALEH A,et al.RWEQ:Improved Wind Erosion Technology[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,55(2):183-189.
[23]	江凌,肖燚,饶恩明,等.内蒙古土地利用变化对生态系统防风固沙功能的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3734-3747.[JIANG Ling,XIAO Yi,RAO En-ming,et al.Effects of Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) on Ecosystem Sand Fixing Service in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3734-3747.]
[24]	李军,游松财,黄敬峰.基于GIS的中国陆地表面粗糙度长度的空间分布[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2006,24(2):185-189.[LI Jun,YOU Song-cai,HUANG Jing-feng.Spatial Distribution of Ground Roughness Length Based on GIS in China[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Agricultural Science),2006,24(2):185-189.]
[25]	BILBRO J D,FRYREAR D W.Wind Erosion Losses as Related to Plant Silhouette and Soil Cover[J].Agronomy Journal,1994,86(3):550.
[26]	邵艳莹,吴秀芹,张宇清,等.内蒙古地区植被覆盖变化及其对水热条件的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(4):33-42.[SHAO Yan-ying,WU Xiu-qin,ZHANG Yu-qing,et al.Response of Vegetation Coverage to Hydro-thermal Change in Inner Mongolia of Northern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(4):33-42.]
[27]	佟斯琴,刘桂香,武娜.1961-2010年锡林郭勒盟气温和降水时空变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):340-345,351.[TONG Si-qin,LIU Gui-xiang,WU Na.Temporal-spatial Changes of Temperature and Precipitation in Xilingol League From 1961 to 2010[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(5):340-345,351.]
[28]	孙斌,高志海,王红岩,等.近30年京津风沙源区气候干湿变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(11):164-170.[SUN Bin,GAO Zhi-hai,WANG Hong-yan,et al.Dry/Wet Variation of Beijing-Tianjin Dust and Sandstorm Source Region During 1981-2010[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(11):164-170.]
[29]	ZHAO Y Y,WU J G,HE C Y,et al.Linking Wind Erosion to Ecosystem Services in Drylands:A Landscape Ecological Approach[J].Landscape Ecology,2017,32(12):2399-2417.
[30]	ZHANG H Y,FAN J W,CAO W,et al.Response of Wind Erosion Dynamics to Climate Change and Human Activity in Inner Mongolia,China During 1990 to 2015[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,639:1038-1050.
[31]	ZHANG Z H,HUISINGH D.Combating Desertification in China:Monitoring,Control,Management and Revegetation[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,182:765-775.
[32]	PI H W,SHARRATT B,FENG G,et al.Evaluation of Two Empirical Wind Erosion Models in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of China and the USA[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2017,91:28-46.
[33]	董治宝,高尚玉,董光荣.土壤风蚀预报研究述评[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):312-317.[DONG Zhi-bao,GAO Shang-yu,DONG Guang-rong.A Review of Wind Erosion Prediction Research[J].Journal of Desert Research,1999,19(4):312-317.]
[34]	巩国丽,黄麟.RWEQ模型中土壤结皮和可蚀性因子的改进和应用[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(2):271-274,280.[GONG Guo-li,HUANG Lin.Improvement and Application of Soil Crust and Erodibility Factors in RWEQ Model[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,38(2):271-274,280.]
[35]	迟文峰,白文科,刘正佳,等.基于RWEQ模型的内蒙古高原土壤风蚀研究[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(6):1024-1033.[CHI Wen-feng,BAI Wen-ke,LIU Zheng-jia,et al.Wind Erosion in Inner Mongolia Plateau Using the Revised Wind Erosion Equation[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(6):1024-1033.]