规模奶牛场2种粪便处理模式的生命周期评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0336

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 257-264.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0336

规模奶牛场2种粪便处理模式的生命周期评价

李丹阳^1,2, 胡洁³, 董颐玮^1,4, 靳红梅^1,2

1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 江苏南京 210014;
2. 江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210014;
3. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042;
4. 江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 江苏镇江 212013

收稿日期:2020-06-06 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-25
通讯作者: 靳红梅 E-mail:hmjin@jaas.ac.cn
作者简介:李丹阳(1990-),女,河南许昌人,助理研究员,硕士,主要研究方向为废弃资源管理及模式评价。E-mail:lidanyang1225@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省重点研发计划（BE2017363）；江苏省农业自主创新项目〔CX（17）1005〕

Life Cycle Assessment of Two Manure Treatment Modes in Intensive Dairy Farms

LI Dan-yang^1,2, HU Jie³, DONG Yi-wei^1,4, JIN Hong-mei^1,2

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China;
2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China;
3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China;
4. School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Received:2020-06-06 Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-02-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以规模奶牛养殖场为研究对象，采用生命周期评价方法比较奶牛粪便多级处理后全量还田（模式Ⅰ）和粪水达标处理（模式Ⅱ）2种粪便处理模式的环境影响潜值。结果表明：以处理1 t奶牛粪便计，与模式Ⅱ相比，模式Ⅰ的CO₂、SO₂、NO_x、CO、CH₄、VOC和烟尘可分别减排17.28、0.14、0.09、0.04、0.02、0.002和0.007 kg；模式Ⅰ的总环境影响潜值为0.007 6 kg·人^-1·a^-1（以当量计），与模式Ⅱ相比降低23.2%，同时具有一定的经济效益。奶牛粪水处理过程的环境影响潜值占比最高，其处理方式的优化是奶牛场粪便处理减排的难点和重点。建议在规模奶牛场周边配套足够的农田消纳养殖粪水，同时加强其农田精准施用技术和多种情景模式的评价分析。

关键词: 生命周期评价, 粪便处理, 环境影响潜值, 规模奶牛场

Abstract: Quantifying the energy and material consumption and environmental emissions of different treatment modes of dairy manure is of guiding significance for accurately assessing the environmental impact of manure management in intensive dairy farms and scientifically formulating emission reduction measures. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to compare the environmental emission of pollutants from mode Ⅰ (i.e., complete utilization of dairy manure) and mode Ⅱ (i.e., standard processing of dairy slurry) in two intensive dairy farms. The results show that the emission of CO₂, SO₂, NO_x, CO, CH₄, VOC and soot in mode Ⅰ were 17.28, 0.14, 0.09, 0.04, 0.02, 0.002 and 0.007 kg, respectively lower than those of mode Ⅱ. The total environmental impact potential was 0.007 6 kg eq per person per year in mode Ⅰ, which was 23.2% lower than that in mode Ⅱ. Meanwhile, it had obvious economic benefits in mode Ⅰ. In the dairy manure treatment process, the environmental impact potential of slurry treatment is the highest. Thus, the optimization of dairy slurry treatment is a focus and also a difficult issue in the dairy manure treatment process. It is suggested that enough farmland should be arranged for recieving the dairy manure. In addition, more precision application techniques and evaluation methods should be developed to enhance the utilization efficiency of nutrient in dairy manure and to reduce the environmental emission of pollutants from dairy manure treatment.

Key words: life cycle assessment, manure treatment, environmental impact potential, intensive dairy farm

中图分类号:

X826
X522

李丹阳, 胡洁, 董颐玮, 靳红梅. 规模奶牛场2种粪便处理模式的生命周期评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 257-264.

LI Dan-yang, HU Jie, DONG Yi-wei, JIN Hong-mei. Life Cycle Assessment of Two Manure Treatment Modes in Intensive Dairy Farms[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(2): 257-264.

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规模奶牛场2种粪便处理模式的生命周期评价

Life Cycle Assessment of Two Manure Treatment Modes in Intensive Dairy Farms

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