生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 501-508.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0446

• 自然保护与生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于浮游植物完整性指数的太湖主要河口生态健康评价

马廷婷1,2, 范亚民3, 李宽意1,2,4, 胡忠军1, 吴召仕2   

  1. 1. 上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;
    2. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008;
    3. 江苏省环境工程技术有限公司, 江苏 南京 210036;
    4. 中国科学院大学中丹学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-09 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 吴召仕 E-mail:zswu@niglas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:马廷婷(1994-),女,甘肃兰州人,从事湖泊生物与生态学研究。E-mail:TTMa188@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31930074);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07208008);中国科学院科技服务网络计划重点项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-156)

Ecological Health Assessment of Main Estuaries of Lake Taihu Based on Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity

MA Ting-ting1,2, FAN Ya-min3, LI Kuan-yi1,2,4, HU Zhong-jun1, WU Zhao-shi2   

  1. 1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion(CREEFN) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
    3. Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Company Limited, Nanjing 210036, China;
    4. Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2020-06-09 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-25

摘要: 于2018—2019年对太湖18条主要河口的浮游植物进行了季节调查,分析其群落结构特征,并基于浮游植物完整性指数(P-IBI)评估各河口的生态健康状况。调查共发现浮游植物119种,隶属于7门66属,密度和生物量平均值分别为8.91×106 L-1和1.46 mg·L-1。季节上,密度和生物量均在夏季达到最大值,分别为2.35×107 L-1和4.06 mg·L-1,在冬季取得最小值,分别为3.84×105 L-1和0.36 mg·L-1。形态功能群方面,Ⅲ组和Ⅶ组生物量均在夏季最高,分别为0.18和0.04 mg·L-1。以浮游植物密度、叶绿素a (Chl-a)和Menhinick指数构建P-IBI,结果表明主要河口整体呈较差状态,平均值为42.64;空间上较差是主要状态,占所有点位的55.56%,其次是一般状态,占33.33%,2个点位处于极差状态;季节方面,P-IBI最大值和最小值分别出现在冬季和夏季,平均值分别为53.15和27.59;春夏秋冬水生态健康等级依次为较差、较差、一般和一般。Spearman相关性分析显示P-IBI值与水温、pH值和高锰酸盐指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与硝态氮(NO3--N)含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。P-IBI与表征有害藻类的Ⅲ和Ⅶ生物量也存在较好的一致性。

关键词: 浮游植物, 生物完整性指数, 太湖主要河口, 健康评价

Abstract: The study illustrated phytoplankton community structure at 18 estuaries of Lake Taihu and assessed their ecological conditions according to index of biotic integrity based on phytoplankton (P-IBI). Samplings were conducted seasonally from May 2018 to March 2019. A total of 119 phytoplankton species belonging to 7 groups and 66 genera were identified. The mean phytoplankton density and biomass was 8.91×106 L-1 and 1.46 mg·L-1, respectively. At seasonal scale, the total density and biomass reached the maximum value in summer (2.35×107 L-1 and 4.06 mg·L-1, respectively), and the minimum values were in winter (3.84×105 L-1and 0.36 mg·L-1, respectively). In terms of morphologic functional groups, Group Ⅲ and Ⅶ had higher biomass in summer (0.18 mg·L-1 and 0.04 mg·L-1, respectively). Phytoplankton density, Chlorophyll a and Menhinick were selected to establish P-IBI. Generally, the ecological condition in main estuaries was "low", and the average P-IBI value was 42.64. Spatially, "low" was the dominated condition (accounting for 55.56% of all sampling sites), followed by "moderate", and 2 sampling sites were classified as "bad". At seasonal scale, the maximum and minimum average P-IBI value was in winter (53.15) and summer (27.59), respectively. The water ecological condition was "low", "low", "moderate", and "moderate" in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The Spearman correlation analysis show that the P-IBI was significantly and negatively correlated with water temperature, pH and permanganate index (P<0.05), and significantly and positively correlated with nitrate (NO3--N) (P<0.05). There is also a good agreement between P-IBI and the Ⅲ and Ⅶ biomass that characterize harmful algae.

Key words: phytoplankton, index of biotic integrity, main estuaries of Lake Taihu, ecosystem health assessment

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