城乡过渡区土壤-蔬菜中重金属耦合分异特征及形成机理解析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0207

Abstract

Abstract: Contamination of agricultural soil by heavy metals has become a global issue concerning food security and human health risk. A total of 95 surface soil samples (bulk soil), 34 vegetable samples, 27 irrigation water samples, and 20 fertilizer samples were collected from Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. The concentrations of heavy metals (i.e., As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were tested. After determining the metal accumulation and potential ecological risks in farmland soil, kriging interpolation and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to identify and quantify the sources of soil heavy metals. The results showed that (1) Cd and As were the main contaminants in the soil in the studied area, and Cd had the highest effectiveness in soil, with its average content in vegetables slightly higher than the allowable threshold (0.02 mg·kg^-1). (2) The results of the enrichment index of vegetables show that Cd and Pb were the dominant heavy metals in vegetables, and vegetables had a strong enrichment ability to Cd. (3) The spatial distribution of heavy metals in the soil showed that the contaminants were non-homogeneous, and all the heavy metals showed high-value areas in some parts of the studied area, indicating the negative effects of human activities on the soil environment of farmlands. (4) Industrial activity (for Cd), effects of pesticides, fertilizers, and plastic film mulching (for As and Pb), natural sources (for Ni, Cu, Cr, and As), Organic fertilizer (for Zn and Cu), traffic discharges (for Pb and Cd) and sewage irrigation (for Cr, Ni, and Pb) were ascertained as the potential sources based on the Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis results. (5) The accumulation of heavy metals in the studied area was mainly caused by industrial activities, including atmospheric deposition, the discharge of industrial waste water, the disposal of waste residue, and the emission of waste gas, and so on.

Key words: heavy metals, risk assessment, source apportionment, positive matrix factorization model, vegetable

CLC Number:

SU Hui-yue, LIU Jiang-chuan, WANG Lu, LI Bo, YU Huan, CHEN Zhi-kui, HU Yue-ming. Geographic Distribution and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables in Urban Fringe[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(2): 184-193.

References

[1] 李娇, 陈海洋, 滕彦国, 等.拉林河流域土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(19):226-233.[LI Jiao, CHEN Hai-yang, TENG Yan-guo, et al.Contamination Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Lalin River Basin[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(19):226-233.]
[2] CHEN H, TENG Y, LU S, et al.Contamination Features and Health Risk of Soil Heavy Metals in China[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 512/513:143-153.
[3] YE S, ZENG G, WU H, et al.Biological Technologies for the Remediation of Co-Contaminated Soil[J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2017, 37(8):1062-1076.
[4] HU Y, CHENG H.Application of Stochastic Models in Identification and Apportionment of Heavy Metal Pollution Sources in the Surface Soils of a Large-Scale Region[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(8):3752-3760.
[5] CHENG W, LEI S G, BIAN Z F, et al.Geographic Distribution of Heavy Metals and Identification of Their Sources in Soils near Large, Open-Pit Coal Mines Using Positive Matrix Factorization[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 387:121666.
[6] LUO X S, XUE Y, WANG Y L, et al.Source Identification and Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soil Profiles[J].Chemosphere, 2015, 127:152-157.
[7] LIANG J, FENG C T, ZENG G M, et al.Spatial Distribution and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Surface Soils in a Typical Coal Mine City, Lianyuan, China[J].Environmental Pollution, 2017, 225:681-690.
[8] HOU D Y, O'CONNOR D, NATHANAIL P, et al.Integrated GIS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Regional Scale Assessment of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination:A Critical Review[J].Environmental Pollution, 2017, 231:1188-1200.
[9] LÜ J, LIU Y.An Integrated Approach to Identify Quantitative Sources and Hazardous Areas of Heavy Metals in Soils[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 646:19-28.
[10] BINDA G, POZZI A, LIVIO F.An Integrated Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluate Potentially Toxic Element Sources in a Mountainous Watershed[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2020, 42(5):1255-1272.
[11] WANG Y M, ZHANG L X, WANG J N, et al.Identifying Quantitative Sources and Spatial Distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils by Using Three Receptor Models and Sequential Indicator Simulation[J].Chemosphere, 2020, 242:125266.
[12] GUAN Q Y, ZHAO R, PAN N H, et al.Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil of Wuwei, China:Comparison of Three Receptor Models[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 237:117792.
[13] CAI L M, JIANG H H, LUO J.Metals in Soils from a Typical Rapidly Developing County, Southern China:Levels, Distribution, and Source Apportionment[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26(19):19282-19293.
[14] 蒋德勤, 天津市土壤普查办公室.天津土种志[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社, 1990:68.
[15] ZHANG P Y, QIN C Z, HONG X, et al.Risk Assessment and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution from Lower Reaches of Yellow River Irrigation in China[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 633:1136-1147.
[16] ANGULO E.The Tomlinson Pollution Load Index Applied to Heavy Metal, "Mussel-Watch" Data:A Useful Index to Assess Coastal Pollution[J].Science of the Total Environment, 1996, 187(1):19-56.
[17] 范华义, 张文具.天津市土壤元素背景值的地域差异及成因分析[J].城市环境与城市生态, 2002, 15(1):13-14.[FAN Hua-yi, ZHANG Wen-ju.The Area Diffedrentiation of the Soil Elemendts in Tianjin and Its Cause of Formation[J].Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2002, 15(1):13-14.]
[18] HAKANSON L.An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control.a Sedimentological Approach[J].Water Research, 1980, 14(8):975-1001.
[19] XIAO R, WANG S, LI R H, et al.Soil Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risks Associated with Artisanal Gold Mining in Tongguan, Shaanxi, China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 141:17-24.
[20] PAATERO P.Least Squares Formulation of Robust Non-Negative Factor Analysis[J].Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 1997, 37(1):23-35.
[21] 张余良, 孙长载, 李明悦.天津市农业耕地土壤养分演变状况的调查[J].河南农业科学, 2006, 35(8):94-98.[ZHANG Yu-liang, SUN Chang-zai, LI Ming-yue.Evolvement Status of Agro-Plowland Soil Nutrients in Tianjin[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2006, 35(8):94-98.]
[22] WU J, LU J, LI L M, et al.Pollution, Ecological-Health Risks, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Soil of the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chemosphere, 2018, 201:234-242.
[23] WANG Q Y, SUN J Y, XU X J, et al.Integration of Chemical and Toxicological Tools to Assess the Bioavailability of Copper Derived from Different Copper-Based Fungicides in Soil[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 161:662-668.
[24] XIAO R, GUO D, ALI A, et al.Accumulation, Ecological-Health Risks Assessment, and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils:A Case Study in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China[J].Environmental Pollution, 2019, 248:349-357.
[25] HANG X S, WANG H Y, ZHOU J M, et al.Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Soils and Rice (Oryza sativa) in a Typical Area of the Yangtze River Delta[J].Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(8/9):2542-2549.
[26] 师荣光, 赵玉杰, 高怀友, 等.天津市郊蔬菜重金属污染评价与特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报, 2005, 24(增刊1):169-173.[SHI Rong-guang, ZHAO Yu-jie, GAO Huai-you, et al.Metals Influencing the Level of Heavy Metal Contamination of Vegetables in Tianjin City as Derived by Principal Components Analysis[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science, 2005, 24(Suppl. 1):169-173.]
[27] LIU X M, SONG Q J, TANG Y, et al.Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-Vegetable System:A Multi-Medium Analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 463/464:530-540.
[28] 陈凤, 董泽琴, 王程程, 等.锌冶炼区耕地土壤和农作物重金属污染状况及风险评价[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(10):4360-4369.[CHEN F, DONG Z Q, WANG C C, et al.Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils and Crops Near a Zinc Smelter[J].Environmental Science, 2017, 38(10):4360-4369.]
[29] 赵慧, 何博, 孟晶, 等.典型城市化地区蔬菜重金属的累积特征与健康风险研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(12):1892-1902.[ZHAO Hui, HE Bo, MENG Jing, et al.Accumulation Characteristics and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Vegetables in Typical Urbanized Areas[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(12):1892-1902.]
[30] ZHOU D M, HAO X Z, WANG Y J, et al.Copper and Zn Uptake by Radish and Pakchoi as Affected by Application of Livestock and Poultry Manures[J].Chemosphere, 2005, 59(2):167-175.
[31] ZHOU H, YANG W T, ZHOU X, et al.Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Vegetable Species Planted in Contaminated Soils and the Health Risk Assessment[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016, 13(3):289.
[32] YAYLAL-ABANUZ G.Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Soil around Gebze Industrial Area, Turkey[J].Microchemical Journal, 2011, 99(1):82-92.
[33] CHEN X, XIA X H, ZHAO Y, et al.Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soils and Correlation with Urban Traffic in Beijing, China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 181(1/2/3):640-646.
[34] VIARD B, PIHAN F, PROMEYRAT S, et al.Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal (Pb, Zn, Cd) Highway Pollution:Bioaccumulation in Soil, Graminaceae and Land Snails[J].Chemosphere, 2004, 55(10):1349-1359.
[35] BELON E, BOISSON M, DEPORTES I Z, et al.An Inventory of Trace Elements Inputs to French Agricultural Soils[J].The Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 439:87-95.
[36] ZHANG F, LI Y, YANG M, et al.Content of Heavy Metals in Animal Feeds and Manures from Farms of Different Scales in Northeast China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012, 9(8):2658-2668.
[37] YOKEL J, DELISTRATY D A.Arsenic, Lead, and other Trace Elements in Soils Contaminated with Pesticide Residues at the Hanford Site (USA)[J].Environmental Toxicology, 2003, 18(2):104-114.
[38] QI Y, DONAHOE R J.The Environmental Fate of Arsenic in Surface Soil Contaminated by Historical Herbicide Application[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2008, 405(1/2/3):246-254.
[39] NZIGUHEBA G, SMOLDERS E.Inputs of Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils via Phosphate Fertilizers in European Countries[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2008, 390(1):53-57.
[40] ESMAEILI A, MOORE F, KESHAVARZI B, et al.A Geochemical Survey of Heavy Metals in Agricultural and Background Soils of the Isfahan Industrial Zone, Iran[J].CATENA, 2014, 121:88-98.
[41] CHEN T, CHANG Q R, LIU J, et al.Identification of Soil Heavy Metal Sources and Improvement in Spatial Mapping Based on Soil Spectral Information:A Case Study in Northwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 565:155-164.

Geographic Distribution and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables in Urban Fringe

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	ZHAO Zeng-feng, FENG Na, QIU Xiao-cong, SUN Xu-yang, WANG Shi-qiang, OUYANG Hong. Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Water Environment of Taiyangshan Wetland in Ningxia [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(2): 168-175.
[2]	HAN Cun-liang, LUO Bing-sheng, CHANG Chun-ying, DENG Yi-rong, XIONG Jian, WANG Jun, LI Zhao-hui. Identifying the Source of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Regional Agricultural Area Based on Multiple Methods [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(2): 176-183.
[3]	PEI Peng-gang, MU De-miao, MA Wen-yan, SUN Tao, SUN Yue-bing. Characteristic of Mercury and Methylmercury Pollution in Paddy Soils around Mercury Mine Area and Its Ecological Risk [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(1): 112-119.
[4]	GONG Run-qiang, WANG Bo, JI Mu-lan, ZHAO Xin, SU Liang-hu, BU Yuan-qing, CHEN Yu, ZHANG Sheng-hu, QIU Hui. Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Ampicillin in Water Source of Nanjing Section of the Yangtze River [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(2): 188-193.
[5]	ZHOU Lin-jun, LIANG Meng-yuan, FAN De-ling, XING Wei-long, WANG Zhen, GU Wen, WANG Lei, LIU Ji-ning, SHI Li-li. International Practices and Enlightenment for Environment Monitoring of Emerging Pollutant [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(12): 1532-1539.
[6]	ZHU Kang-wen, CHEN Yu-cheng, YANG Zhi-min, HUANG Lei, ZHANG Sheng, LEI Bo. Research Trends of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Risk Assessment Based on Bibliometric Method [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(4): 425-432.
[7]	ZHAO Ti-yue, LONG Ming-hua, QIAO Shuang-yu, SUN Qiao-jian, HE Gang-jian, LIANG Yong-sheng. Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pollution in Aquatic and Terrestrial Vegetables in Guangxi Province [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(4): 505-514.
[8]	SUN De-yao, XUE Zhong-cai, HAN Xing, ZHAO Ying-fan, SUN WEI-yue, ZHANG Ke. Polluting Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Cultivated Land Around a Mining Area in Northern Hebei Province [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(2): 242-249.
[9]	WU Yun-cheng, LIU Ming-qing, YANG Tao-ming, LIU Yu, XI Yun-guan. Evaluation Effects of Organic Vegetable Planting on Soil Quality in Songhuaba Basin [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(12): 1549-1555.
[10]	YANG Jie, ZHENG Long, SHAO Shuang-shuang, FAN Man-man, CHENG Shu-yan, ZHANG Huan, GAO Chao. The Accumulation and Adsorption of Phosphorus in Vegetable Soils and the Risk of Soil Phosphorus Loss in Lingshui County of Hainan, China [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1453-1459.
[11]	YANG Min, LONG Shi-fang, HUANG Dao-you, TIAN Ying-bing, ZHU Qi-hong. Effects of Bast Fiber Mulching Film Returning on Nutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in Soil-Vegetable System [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1347-1352.
[12]	ZHOU Yu-xuan, LONG Tao, ZHU Xin, WANG Lei, KONG Ling-ya, LI Yi-ping, SHI Jia-qi. Research Progress on Distribution and Remediation Technologies for the Combined Pollution of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(8): 964-975.
[13]	MA Shu-xin, QIAO Yong-min, TANG Meng-yao, YANG Hong-yun. Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments From Lakes Located in Guangzhou City [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(5): 600-607.
[14]	LIU Li, ZHANG Le, LIU Yun-peng, LI Wen-xiu, MIAO Chun-lin, LIU Xiao-guang. Correlation Between Heavy Metal Content in Mareca strepera Tissues and the Environment in the Nanhaizi Wetland, Baotou City [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 476-483.
[15]	TAN Li-chao, CHENG Yan, ZHU Yu-xuan, BU Yuan-qing. Acute Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Nine Insecticides to Honeybees in Oilseed Rape Fields [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 500-505.