Abstract: Biodiversity targets have significant implications for mankind to curb the biodiversity loss. Scenarios are considered as indispensable tools to make such science-based targets well established and implemented. They can facilitate to examine the impact of different pathways and policy choices of future human development on nature and nature's contribution to people. The scenarios and models task force of the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has developed the "Nature Futures Framework" (NFF) using an iterative and participatory scenario design approach through co-production of visions with a diversity of stakeholders. The "NFF framework" puts human-nature relationships at its core, perceives the multiple values of nature, and explores effective pathways to reverse the biodiversity decline and enhance nature's contribution to people. To ensure the diversity and inclusiveness of future scenarios under the "NFF framework", multi-level case studies should be urgently carried out at the regional or national scales. Here, we review the methodological process of developing scenario narratives, propose the key points for creating scenarios of biodiversity targets in China and establish three sets of positive scenarios for "Beautiful China" "Harmonious China" and "Smart China" based on the "NFF framework".

Key words: biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, vision, scenario narratives, participatory