Abstract: The water pollution control and environment protection in small size cities and towns of China is a complicated system engineering. Water resources and environment are used as resources in the processes of urbanization. Different ways of rational use and development of water resources will cause different ecological effects. The water resources in Tai Lake area have been polluted in certain degree by the development of industries run by villages and towns in recent years. The authors have studied the ways for water pollution control in small cities and towns.They emphasis that the combined benefits caused by multiple-path and integrated water pollution must be taken into consideration in pollution control,and that ecological assessment of water bodies must be carried out in the typical regions.