Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 634-643.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0412

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Effects of Degradation and Management of Nanniwan Wetland on Soil Fauna Diversity

SHAO Ying1, CAO Si-ping1,2, CAO Wen-wen1, LIU Chang-hai1   

  1. 1. College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China;
    2. Shiquan County Environmental Protection Bureau, Ankang 725200, China
  • Received:2018-07-17 Online:2019-05-25 Published:2019-06-25

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Abstract:

Soil fauna play a key role in the material circulation and energy flow of wetland ecosystem. However,soil fauna populations are susceptible to environmental factors. Nanniwan wetland is a marsh wetland in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,which is seriously affected by human activities in China. Under the interference of human factors,debris flow degradation of different degrees has been formed in Nanniwan area,and wetland degradation has become an increasingly serious ecological problem in northern Shaanxi. At present,there are six typical habitats in this area (natural wetland,mildly degraded wetland,moderately degraded wetland,severely degraded wetland,cultivated wetland and farmland wetland). However,the changes of community structure and diversity of soil fauna in six habitats are still unclear. Three 50 cm×50 cm plots were randomly selected in each habitat to investigate the effects of wetland degradation on soil fauna communities in March,June,September and November 2016. A total of 3 285 soil animals were captured, which were divided into 4 phyla,10 categories and 26 orders. The dominant groups of soil fauna were echinococcus,striatum and springtail. The density and groups of soil animals decreased with the deepening of degradation. In severely degraded wetlands and cultivated lands,the density and diversity indexes of soil animals were significantly lower than those in other degradation stages (P<0.01). The difference of Sorenson similarity coefficient and Morisita-Horn similarity coefficient in different degradation stages indicate that degradation,reclamation and returning had significant influence on the composition of soil fauna community and dominant individuals in Nanniwan wetland. The seasonal dynamics of soil fauna community density and diversity are different in different degradation stages. The degradation of Nanniwan wetland will affect the seasonal stability of soil fauna community. The degradation of Nanniwan wetland also changed the spatial and temporal distribution of the dominant taxa of soil fauna. The regression analysis results of soil animal density and related soils factors show that soil animal density was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen content,and negatively correlated with soil pH value. On the above basis,we can conclude that the degradation of Nanniwan wetland affects the spatial and temporal distribution and seasonal dynamics of the soil fauna community composition and diversity. Cultivation can reduce the density and diversity of soil animals,and the measures of returning farmland to forest can lead to seasonal changes of soil animal density.

Key words: soil fauna, diversity, wetland, degradation

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