Abstract: Clarifying the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape multifunctional characteristics in the Ancient Yellow River Basin is crucial to the improvement of the function of comprehensive improvement of mountains, water, fields, forests, lakes and grasses and the synergistic optimization of national land space. In order to explore the changes of landscape multifunctionality and trade-off-synergy relationship in the Ancient Yellow River (Suining section) from 1990 to 2020, eight landscape functions were evaluated, including primary production, habitat carrying, recreation service, carbon sequestration, water production, water purification, soil conservation and habitat maintenance. The results show that: (1) The function of the study area has changed from agricultural production to a mixed land use pattern that takes into account production, living and ecology in the past 30 years; (2) The landscape multifunctionality has increased by 21.07% in the past 30 years, among which the production and living landscape functions such as primary production, habitat-bearing and recreation services have been increasing continuously, while the carbon sequestration, water production, water purification, soil conservation and habitat maintenance functions have been increasing in a fluctuating manner; (3) Significant synergistic relationships have been observed between the functions of habitat-bearing and of water production, habitat-bearing and soil conservation, as well as carbon sequestration-habitat maintenance, while the functions between habitat-bearing and carbon sequestration, habitat-bearing and habitat maintenance, carbon sequestration and water production, water production and habitat maintenance, and water purification and soil conservation have been dominated by significant trade-off relationships. The relationships between primary production and recreation services, primary production and water production, and primary production and habitat maintenance have gradually evolved from trade-offs to synergy. This indicates that the comprehensive remediation exerts a significant positive effect on the landscape multifunction of the Ancient Yellow River Basin, and the synergy of production-life-ecology functions is an effective way to improve the adaptability and sustainability of the regional landscape in the future.

Key words: comprehensive land improvement, landscape multifunction, InVEST model, the Ancient Yellow River