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Table of Content

Volume 18 Issue 3
10 August 2002
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Feeding Habitats of Egrets and Herons at Yuantouzhu Area of Taihu Lake
LI Tao, DONG Yuan-Hua, WANG Hui, Mauro Fasola, ZHANG Ying-Mei
2002, 18(3):  1-4. 
Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (109KB) ( 1673 )  
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Egrets and herons are important components of the wetland ecosystem in the Taihu Lake.Investigations were conducted of their feeding habitats and preys in 1999 and 2000,revealing how egrets and herons of different species selected their feeding habitats,what they preyed on,and how the pollution of the local environment affected egrets and herons.It was discovered that little egrets and night herons sought for prey in fish ponds and lakes at Yuantouzhu area in Wuxi.On lakes,little egrets usually preyed on shores while night herons would also seek prey over the water in the center of the lake.Chinese pond herons had a wider range of feeding habitat,but fish ponds were their major feeding area.The egrets and herons fed mainly on fish,which accounted for 100% of the diet of little egret chicks,and for 95% of the diet of night heron chicks.Night heron chicks also received small amounts of frogs,crustaceans and small sized mammals.
Change in Land Use/Cover and Its Driving Force in Zhalute
XIONG Hui-Bo, HOU Hui-Qiao, JIANG Yuan, GENG Kan
2002, 18(3):  5-10. 
Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (135KB) ( 1533 )  
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The study on regional land use/cover is now the main topic of the research on current change in land use/cover.Based on the TM data of 1988 and 1997 and through computation of the transition matrix of land use between 1988 and 1997 in Zhalute,temporal spatial characteristics of the change are analyzed.Further,the main driving forces of the change are identified.Results showed that the land use/cover changed greatly during the period as a result of socio economic factors.Biophysical factors were, however, only the context.
Effects of Nutrient and Water Regimes on Paddy Soil Eco-Environment
YANG Chang-Ming, YANG Lin-Zhang, YAN Ting-Mei
2002, 18(3):  11-15. 
Abstract ( 617 )   PDF (136KB) ( 1637 )  
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An indoor pot experiment was carried out to study systematically the effects of nutrient and water regimes on soil eco environment by measuring and comparing changes in soil physical and chemical properties,such as soil pH,redox potential(Eh),organic matter,transformation of Fe and Mn,soil bulk density and soil porosity.Results indicated that under continuous flooding(CLW),organic manure,especially barnyard manure,decreased soil Eh and aggravated soil reduction process,which resulted in increase in amorphous Fe 2O 3.In addition,its effect on improving soil physical environment was also weakened significantly.Under the alternation of dry and wet conditions(ADW),combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure not only increased soil organic matter content but also markedly improved soil oxidation reduction conditions and physical properties.
Vegetation Pattern and Protection of Landscape Diversity in Yantian District,Shenzhen City
CAI Wei-Bin, LI Zhen
2002, 18(3):  16-20. 
Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (109KB) ( 1871 )  
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By applying landscape ecological approaches,the vegetation spatial pattern of Yantian District,Shenzhen City was analyzed.For the research patch shape index,fragmental index of patch shape,fractal dimension,landscape diversity index,evenness,relative richness and landscape dominance index were taken as the major indexes.Results show that the vegetation landscape in Yantian District has been well preserved in the process of urbanization,and diversified in type;its spatial pattern appears regular and consistent with the characteristics of its habitat;the district is high in community landscape heterogeneity,and features south subtropical valley rainforests,mountain evergreen broadleaf forests and mangroves;the valley rainforests and monsoon evergreen forests in this district are ecosystems relatively fragile,which deserve protection and development.
Energy Flow and Economic Flow of Homegarden system in Sanjia Village of Simao City
CAI Chuan-Tao, XU Xiang-Yu, FENG Yao-Zong, LUO Jin-Song, LEI Qi-Hong, LAI Yun-Zhi
2002, 18(3):  21-25. 
Abstract ( 659 )   PDF (99KB) ( 1580 )  
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Through researches on energy flow and economic flow of 6 different models of homegardens in Sanjia Village, it is discovered that the energy inputs of the 6 models range between(98.48~174.45)×10 10 J·hm -2 ,the energy outputs between(101.66~158.52)×10 10 J·hm -2 and the output/input ratios between(0.88~1.41)∶1.The ratio is higher with crop cultivation based models of homegarden(models Ⅰ and Ⅱ) than with models dominated by animal husbandry and sideline(models Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅸ).It is also found that the economic output/input ratios of the 6 models of homegardens range between(1.00~1.35)∶1,showing an increasing order of model Ⅵ>Ⅶ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅴ>Ⅸ and that their economic outputs range between 2 327.9~9 803.4 RMB Yuan.It can,therefore,be inferred that the homegarden system of Sanjia Village is an artificial ecosystem of high energy and economic input and output.
Biodegradation of Parathion-methyl by Pseudomonas sp.(DLL-1)and Its Mechanism
SHI Li-Li, LIN Yu-Suo, XU Yi-Gang, ZHOU Jun-Ying, CHEN Liang-Yan
2002, 18(3):  26-29. 
Abstract ( 644 )   PDF (109KB) ( 1234 )  
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Biodegradation of parathion methyl by Pseudomonas sp.(DLL-1)and its influencing factors in solution were studied in the laboratory.Results showed that when the population of DLL-1 bacteria was 10 5 ml -1 in the solution,high rated biodegradation occurred.It reached 88.5% in 3 h.But the concentration of parathion methyl did not change much in the contrast test.The half time of degradation of parathion methyl was 2.84,0.685 and 1.43 h in the solutions with pH at 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0,respectively.Mechanism of the degradation of parathion methyl by DLL-1 bacteria was also studied.With the aid of GC-MS,IC and Ion Chromatography,intermediate products and final products of the degradation were determined. p Nitro phenol was the main intermediate product and could be further degraded into NO 2 - and NO 3 - .
Finite Volume Methods and Osher Scheme for Two-Dimensional Shallow Water Flow-Pollutant Coupled Numerical Model
JIANG Yan, YANG Jue, ZHAO Di-Hua, HE Hai
2002, 18(3):  30-33. 
Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (123KB) ( 2228 )  
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A two dimensional finite volume method and Osher scheme flow pollutant coupled numerical simulation on an unstructured grid is adopted and adapted to fit the complex planar geometry of the computational domain and the requirements of the prediction and evaluation of aquatic environmental quality.Developed in the framework of the finite volume method on an unstructured grid,the model transforms a 2 D problem into a series of local 1 D problems.By employing Osher type approximate Riemann solver,the model estimates the numerical flux of variables across the interface between cells with high accuracy.It is applied to water quality simulation of the Nanjing Reach of the Changjiang River.The simulated pollution area matches pretty well with the remote sensing satellite images,validating reasonability and applicability of the model. 
Difference in Resistance between Liangyoupeijiu and Wuyunjing No.7 under Hg2+ Stress
YANG Yan-Hua, CHEN Guo-Xiang, LIU Shao-Hua, WANG Na, Lü Chuan-Gen
2002, 18(3):  34-37. 
Abstract ( 620 )   PDF (100KB) ( 1775 )  
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Effects of Hg2+ on content of chlorophyll,electron transport activity of PSⅠ,PSⅡ,permeability of cell membrance,activity of POD,CAT and proline content in rice seedlings of Liangyoupeijiu and Wuyunjing No.7 varieties at the three leaf stage were studied.Results showed that with increase in concentration of Hg2+ ,the content of chlorophyll and electron transport activity of PSⅠ and PSⅡ decreased,and the activity of CAT in Liangyoupeijiu and of POD and CAT in Wuyunjing No.7 increased at first and decreased afterwards,but the activity of POD in Liangyoupeijiu increased.The resistance to Hg2+ pollution in Liangyoupeijiu is obviously stronger than that of Wuyunjing No.7. 
Optimal Moisture Condition and Inoculation Density of Eisenia foetida for Vermicomposting of Domestic Animal Manure
CANG Long, LI Hui-Xin, HU Feng, WANG Xia
2002, 18(3):  38-42. 
Abstract ( 865 )   PDF (115KB) ( 2294 )  
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Experiments to assess optimal moisture condition and inoculation density of Eisenia foetida for vermicomposting of cattle manure,pig manure and mixture of chicken droppings and dregs of decoction(1∶1 dry weight ratio)were conducted in laboratory at 20 ℃.It was found that the optimal moisture condition for growth and reproduction of Eisenia foetida was 70% with cattle manure,75% with pig manure and 65% with the mixture,and that 8 earthworms per 100 g manure (dry weight) was the most favorable inoculation density for all kinds of manure.Eisenia foetida showed the highest reproduction rate in cattle manure and the highest growth rate in pig manure whereas both growth and reproduction were greatly inhibited in the mixture of chicken manure and dregs of decoction.
Grassland Eco-Agriculture and Product Restructuring-A Way Out for Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Northwest China
SUN Hong-Liang, DU Zi-Duan
2002, 18(3):  43-44,45. 
Abstract ( 728 )   PDF (71KB) ( 1450 )  
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In view of the status quo of Northwest China where the agriculture depends more and more on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to keep high crop yield and pollution is becoming increasingly severe,the strategy to develop the grassland eco agriculture and product restructuring has been put forward as the way out for sustainable development of the agriculture in that area.It’s suggested that the 4 items,exploiting new sources of organic manure through varied paths;raising value of field crops by making waste resources;finding source of dairy cow quickly and increasing biodiversity of system should have the priority for development to make the ecological environment improved,the income of the peasants increased and lead the agro ecological system into a sound circulation.
Matching Techniques for Sustaining and Improving the Soil and Water Conserving Function of Loess Plateau Vegetation-(Ⅱ) Matching Techniques for Afforestation and Management of Forests
WU Qin-Xiao, ZHAO Hong-Yan, LIU Xiang-Dong
2002, 18(3):  45-48. 
Abstract ( 579 )   PDF (76KB) ( 1430 )  
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Matching techniques of afforestation and forest management for sustaining and improving the soil and water conserving function of protection forest are elaborated. 
Effect of Atmospheric Pollution on Phytophagous Insects and Its Mechanism
ZHANG Yun, YE Wan-Hui, LI Yue-Lin
2002, 18(3):  49-55. 
Abstract ( 720 )   PDF (208KB) ( 1968 )  
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Responses of insects to air pollution have been a hot spot of studies since the 1980s.A review is presented of effects of major air pollutants,such as sulfur dioxide,nitrogen oxides,acid rain,ozone,fluorides on phytophagous insects,with a general conclusion that the pollutants,except ozone,when low or moderate in concentration,contribute to growth of the insects whereas when high in concentration,inhibit their growth,but their response to air pollution varies from species to species.To ozone pollution the insects respond variably without following a uniform law.In addition,mechanisms of the effects are also discussed.One is via the host of plants and the other via the ecosystem.
Methane Fluxes of Typical Agricultural Soil in the North China Plain
QI Yu-Chun, DONG Yun-She, ZHANG Shen
2002, 18(3):  56-58,60. 
Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (107KB) ( 1713 )  
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Using the static chamber technique,in situ fluxes of methane from the soil of farmland in the North China Plain under different fertilization treatments and different crops(summer maize and winter wheat) were measured.Results showed that of the fertilized soil,with crops of summer maize and winter wheat,the mean methane flux was -79.8 and -21.6 μg·(m 2·h) -1 respectively,and -43.1 μg·(m 2·h) -1 for the year.And of the non fertilized soil with crops of summer maize and winter wheat,it was -110.0 and -88.2 μg·(m 2·h) -1 respectively,and -95.2 μg·(m 2·h) -1 for the year.All are negative values,which means that the soil is still a sink for methane.Non fertilized soil absorbed more methane than the other,and the soil under summer maize did more than the soil under winter wheat in the same treatment.Methane fluxes showed obvious variation with the season.During the period of May to mid September,the soil absorbed more methane than in the rest of the year.Fertilization could reduce consumption of methane significantly (about 27% to 76%).In the experiment area,higher precipitation stimulated consumption of methane in a certain period.
Technology for Cleaner Production of Active Bright-Red X-3B Dye
WU Hao-Ting, LIU Li-Wei, QI Jia-Yi
2002, 18(3):  59-60. 
Abstract ( 634 )   PDF (54KB) ( 1614 )  
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For cleaner production of active X-3B dye,a new technology was brought forth to recover industrial salts for recycling through vacuum evaporation of salt containing filtrate.Through experiments,an optimal combination of operational conditions was found out with the temperature of the solution being 80 ℃,vacuity 0.08 MPa,and the temperature of cooling water at the outlet 40 ℃.
Evaluation of Ecological Tourist Resources in Nature Reserves of China and Approaches to the Materialization of Their Values
LI Jie
2002, 18(3):  61-64. 
Abstract ( 669 )   PDF (78KB) ( 1961 )  
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Proceeding from the financial situation of the nature reserves in China and the status of ecological tourism therein, methods for evaluating ecological tourism resources and income of the Canadian national parks from user fees were analyzed and approaches to materialization of the ecological tourism value of the nature reserves in China explored.