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Table of Content

Volume 18 Issue 2
10 May 2002
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Hazard of Sandstorms/Duststorms in China and the Control Countermeasures
WU Huan-Zhong
2002, 18(2):  1-5. 
Abstract ( 598 )   PDF (96KB) ( 1815 )  
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Based on major findings in the research on sandstorms/duststorms,reviews were made individually on their patterns and impacts,spatial distribution and developmental trend,cause of formation and sources of sands and dusts and impacts of anthropogenic factors,and routes of movement.Thereupon,six macroscopic strategies are brought forward comprehensively for alleviating the hazard of sandstorms/duststorms. 
Status Quo of the Socio-Economy of the Surrounding Areas of Shangyong Nature Reserve and Strategies for Their Sustainable Development
YANG Qing, CHEN Jin, BAI Zhi-Lin, DENG Xiao-Bao, LIU Zhi-Qiu
2002, 18(2):  6-9. 
Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (89KB) ( 1620 )  
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Based on investigations using a variety of techniques and approaches,status quo of the socio economy of the surrounding areas of Shangyong Nature Reserve was analyzed.The areas faced a series of problems,such as low cultural quality of the population,poor health care and sanitation,backward agricultural production patterns,lack of participation of the masses in management of the nature reserve,and inharmony between the administration of the nature reserve and villages in the surrounding areas.On such a basis,a series of strategies are put forward for sustainable development of the socio economy of the communities in the surrounding areas.
Harmonized Development of Nature Reserves and Local Communities
WU Xiao-Min, XU Hai-Gen, JIANG Ming-Kang, LIU Lu-Jun
2002, 18(2):  10-13. 
Abstract ( 641 )   PDF (57KB) ( 2020 )  
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With development of the cause of nature conservation,how to strengthen management of nature reserves and handle the relationship between nature conservation and local communities development has become a new issue in the management of nature reserves.Based on summarization of the unity of and contradictions between the nature reserve and the local community and analysis of major problems existing in their harmonized development,approaches and ways for their harmonized development are brought forward and effective patterns of harmonized development summed up,including the patterns of the combined management by nature reserve administration and local government,of agency coordination,of combining conservation with helping the poor,of economic development of both and of public participation. 
Investigation,Evaluation and Regionalization of Chinese Medicinal Material Resources in East Part of Anhui Province
ZHENG Chao-Gui, WANG Mei-Ying, LIU Pei-Min
2002, 18(2):  14-18. 
Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (147KB) ( 1404 )  
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In order to bring into full play the Chinese medicinal material resources in east part of Anhui Province in developing the local economy,investigation and analysis were conducted of ascendancy of the Chinese medicinal material resources in East Anhui,i.e.multiple in species diversity,abundant in reserves and extensive in distribution.On such a basis,an evaluation index system was established,consisting of coefficients of utilization value,utilization status,endangeredness,cropping,distribution and reserve,for determining priority in tapping the Chinese medicinal resources.Based on the system, out of 237 species of Chinese medicinal material,6 were determined as first in priority for exploitation,79 second in priority,and 96 third in priority,and the rest 56 were in the category for deferred exploitation.For the purpose of rational utilization and protection of the Chinese medicinal material resources in East Anhui,this part of the province was roughly divided into four regions,i.e.the low mount and hill medicinal material protection region,low hill and mound medicinal material development region,lakeside(riverside)medicinal material utilization region and medicinal material expansion region in depressions along the Huaihe River.
Transpiration of Tea Plants on Red Soil Slopes and Its Influencing Factors
DUAN Hua-Ping, XIE Xiao-Li, WANG Kai-Rong
2002, 18(2):  19-23. 
Abstract ( 618 )   PDF (118KB) ( 1506 )  
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Based on experiments conducted at the Taoyuan Agro ecological Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,in 2001,transpiration of tea plants on red soil slopes was studied with results showing:(1)daily variation of transpiration rate of the tea plants appeared in a shape of inverted saddle,low in the morning and evening and high at noon,and the shape of inverted saddle was changed from day to day;(2)the transpiration rate was subject to a number of micro meteorological factors on the tea plantation. Correlation analysis and multi factor successive regressional analysis revealed that air temperature and net radiation were the two major meteorological factors affecting transpiration of the tea plants;(3)transpiration rate was closely related to leaf stomatal conductivity.The former increased with the rise of the latter.Transpiration driving force, probability of controlling transpiration and regulation of stomatal acts were explored for more efficient use of water.
Pollution from Large-Scaled Livestock and Poultry Breeding Farms in Beijing and Its Control
XU Qian, ZHU Gui-Zhen, XIANG Li-Yun
2002, 18(2):  24-28. 
Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (96KB) ( 2572 )  
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Pollution from large scaled livestock and poultry breeding farms in Beijing has been analyzed and evaluated by monitoring the producing and discharging of animal manure and waste water.On such a basis,strategies for control of the pollution are brought forward herein.
Non-Point Source N Pollution of Lakes,Rivers and Wells in the Taihu Lake Region
XIONG Zheng-Qin, XING Guang-Xi, SHEN Guang-Yu, SUN De-Ling
2002, 18(2):  29-33. 
Abstract ( 691 )   PDF (143KB) ( 1746 )  
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Eutrophication and nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Taihu Lake region has aroused nationwide concern recently.NO3 - -N and NH 4 +-N concentrations in lake,river and well waters in the Taihu Lake region were monitored twice a month with three replicates in the year from Sept.26,2000 to Sept.26,2001.At the same time,both surface and bottom water sampled from the lakes,rivers and wells four times in the year were analyzed for NO3 - -N and NH4+ -N concentrations.Results demonstrated that the average concentrations of inorganic N (sum of NO3 - -N and NH4+ -N) amounted to 1.14,7.16 and 15.84 mg·L -1 in the lake,river and well waters,respectively, all exceeding the limit of eutrophication and the well water had seriously been contaminated by nitrate.Moreover,the major pollutant in the river water was NH4+ -N and in the well water NO3 - -N.The results also indicated that in the lake,river and well waters,there was no obvious difference in NO3 - -N and NH4+ -N concentrations between surface and bottom waters while there was between sampling dates.It is hence concluded that the aquatic systems had been seriously polluted by anthropogenic N.
Relationship between SOD Activity and Chlorophyll Content and Abnormal Defoliation of Soybean (Glycine max)Leaves Exposed to Airborne Fluoride
MENG Fan-Ping, LI Gui-Fang, WU Fang-Zheng
2002, 18(2):  34-38. 
Abstract ( 712 )   PDF (150KB) ( 1715 )  
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The relationship between superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in soybean( Glycine max )planted in pot and some physiological indexes suchas chlorophyll(Chl)content,production of ethylene(C 2H 4)and activity of cellulase were studied by using the method of artificial fumigation with hydrogen fluoride(HF).Results showed that:(1)HF decreased the content of Chl in leaves by inhibiting activity of SOD;(2)HF raised the activity of celluase,an enzyme leading to abnormal defoliation,by inhibiting SOD activity and increasing C 2H 4 production. Therefore,the stability of SOD plays an important role in enhancing fluoride tolerance of plants. 
Evaluation of Environmental Quality of Sediment in Baoying Lake Using Multi-Biological Indexes
YANG Guang-Jun, YIN Da-Qiang, GU Yu-Fei, WANG Xiao-Rong, JIN Jie-Min, CHEN Liang-Yan
2002, 18(2):  39-43. 
Abstract ( 653 )   PDF (137KB) ( 1568 )  
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Bioassay tests of Scenedesmus obilquus,Daphnia magna and Brachyddanio rerio were conducted to evaluate environmental quality of the sediment in the Baoying Lake,Jiangsu Province. Results showed that extractive solution from the sediment had no obvious acute toxic effect on Brachyddanio rerio and Daphnia magna.However,the solution significantly stimulated growth of Scenedesmus obilquus compared with water from the lake,and the higher the concentration of the solution,the more significant of the stimulation.Results of chemical analysis showed that phosphorus concentration was higher in the solution than in the water,indicating release of phosphorus from the sediment to the water which stimulated the eutrophication of the lake.
Acute Toxicity of Quinclorac to Carassius auratus and Its Effects on Gill and Liver ATPase Activities
SONG Wen-Cheng, YANG Ren-Bin, GUO Zheng-Yuan, YU Ping-Zhong
2002, 18(2):  44-46,49. 
Abstract ( 732 )   PDF (102KB) ( 1768 )  
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Quinclorac shows acute toxicity to Carassius auratus.Under the concentration of 1/2,1/4,1/6 and 1/8 LC 50 of quinclorac,its effects on gill and liver Na+-K+ -ATPase, and Mg2+ -ATPase activities were studied.Results indicated that:(1)At the water temperature of 23±1 ℃,the LC 50 value of 25% EC quinclorac to Carassius auratus at the 24th, 48th,72th and 96th hour was 151.64,150.92,149.60 and 149.14 mg·L -1 ,respectively,so it is a kind of low toxicity pesticide.(2)The inhibition of Na+-K+ -ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase in gill and liver increased with the concentration of quinclorac,showing a striking dose response relationship,which can,therefore,be used as a good biomarker for quinclorac pollution.Mechanisms of the inhibition of Na+-K+ -ATPase、Mg2+ -ATPase by quinclorac were also discussed.
Imminence of Rectification of Agricultural Eco-Environment
LIU Yu-Kai
2002, 18(2):  47-49. 
Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (59KB) ( 2005 )  
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The ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by the current agricultural production per se in the rural areas of China are discussed and corresponding countermeasures are brought forward.
Matching Techniques for Sustaining and Improving the Soil and Water Conserving Function of Loess Plateau Vegetation-(I)Conditions for Conserving Soil and Water in Forest
WU Qin-Xiao, ZHAO Hong-Yan, LIU Xiang-Dong
2002, 18(2):  50-52. 
Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (65KB) ( 1678 )  
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Conditions for forest to conserve soil and water are elaborated,which include fine stand structure,appropriate proportion of its area,and proper stand age,thus revealing the dynamic changes in the function of the forest to conserve soil and water in the process of its establishment.The results of the study can,therefore, be used as a theoretical basis for developing comprehensive complex techniques for protection forests to sustain their functions to conserve soil and water. 
Mechanisms of Variation of Potential and Pathway of Methane Production in Mires
DING Wei-Xin, CAI Zu-Cong
2002, 18(2):  53-57. 
Abstract ( 872 )   PDF (131KB) ( 1731 )  
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There exist two pathways for methane formation in mires,which are acetate fermentation and H 2/CO 2 reduction.In principle,the process of acetate fermentation driven by acetoclastic methanogens can produce much more methane than that of H 2/CO 2 reduction driven by H 2/CO 2 utilizing methanogens.In some specific environments,which one will play a more important role in bacterial methane formation depends on the content of active or labile organic carbon,especially newly fixed organic compounds such as root exudates.Mires,e.g.marsh,fen and swamp,rich in active/labile organic carbon,will produce much more methane through acetate fermentation and mires,such as bog, poor in active organic carbon,will form and emit less methane through H 2/CO 2 reduction.The reason why there exist differences in the dominant pathway and amount of methane formed in different types of mires is that the type of methanogens has changed because of changes in the concentration of acetate or H 2 and temperature and so on in mire porewater. 
Comparison of Two Methods for Quantitative Evaluation of Eco-Environmental Benefit of Forest Resources
CAO Jian-Hua, YANG Qiu-Lin, WANG Hong-Ying
2002, 18(2):  58-61. 
Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (86KB) ( 1682 )  
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Currently there are two methods for evaluating or appraising eco environmental benefit of forest resources.One is the forest resource environmental effect evaluation method and the other the contingent value evaluation method.Either one has its own advantages and disadvantages.However,case analysis revealed that the evaluation value by the former is much higher than by the latter.The cause of the difference between the two methods is elaborated herein.