It has become a common understanding worldwide to make full use of tourist resources of nature reserves to develop ecological tourism. But the impact of the development of tourism on nature reserves has also aroused extensive concerns of the people. Based on the analysis of the development of eco tourism in nature reserves, exploration has been made for solutions to such problems as the conflict between development of tourism and protection of the nature reserves, and strategies and countermeasures for managing the development of eco tourism in nature reserves in China.

Characterized by vast coverage and extra intensity, soil erosion in the Upper Yangtze River Valley has become an important indicator of the ecological and environmental deterioration in the region. Soil erosion is in part induced by natural factors such as geomorphology, geology, vegetation and precipitation, and their integrated effects, whereas aggravated erosion must be imputed to irresponsible human activities such as steep slope land cultivation, deforestation, grassland degradation and construction projects, etc.Nowadays, serious soil erosion in the valley occure as a result of the integrated effects of natural factors and human activities. The key to the control of the soil erosion in the valley is to bring human activities into harmony with the nature and conservation of soil and water by replacing unreasonable production and exploitation patterns with ecology friendly ones and by restoring and reconstructing the ecological systems, which are now still deteriorating.

In an experiment, Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel) O.Kuntze, an aquatic plant, was cultured in solution with varying concentration of CdCl₂ for a varying period of time. Then samples of its stems and leaves, roots, and the culture solution were collected and determined for content of Cd ²⁺ ,O ₂-· and MDA in the plant cell, activity of SOD and exosmosis. The results show that the plant is fairly tolerable to Cd ²⁺ with 5mg/L being its minimum lethal concentration. It purifies Cd ²⁺ containing sewage by roots absorbing and exudate adsorbing Cd ²⁺ in the solution, thus removing about 99.5% of the Cd ²⁺in the solution. Within the range of tolerable Cd ²⁺ concentration, the plant has higher SOD activity to balance the large amount of O ₂-· generated as a result of Cd ²⁺ poisoning, thus effectively prohibiting the formation of MDA. This is believed to be one of its defensive mechanism under Cd ²⁺ stress.

Bleached kraft pulp mill effluent(BKME), which has been reported to be environmental estrogenic substances, may cause threats to aquatic species. In this study,the toxicity of BKME and the effect of BKME on plasma sex steroids (testosterone and 17β estradiol) in carp ( Carassium auratus) were determined under laboratory conditions. The results of toxicity test showed that 96 h and 168 h LC₅₀ values associated with 95% CI were 439.0±30.9 ml/L and 296.6±62.0 ml/L respectively. It was found that there was no significant effect on plasma testosterone levels when carp were exposed to different concentrations of BKME (40,80,100 and 120 ml/L) for 30 days. However, exposure to BKME resulted in a marked decrease in plasma 17β estradiol level in carp. It is suggested that BKME could induce depressions of plasma sex steroids in fish, thus threatening reproduction of fish.

The results of years of plot experiments and farm household investigation show that the nitrogen application rate of 287 kg/hm² is appropriate for the high yielding paddy fields in Wujin City. Any excess application of N will not only lead to luxurious consumption of N by rice, but also increase N leaching into groundwater. A better rice production technology waits to be developed to further reduce the N application rate while keeping the high yield of rice.

The relationship of fertilization methods with the soil fertility and output of the purplish paddy soil has been studied for 12 successive years in central Yunnan. It is a stationary plot experiment in the filed with the rotation system of rice and wheat. The experiment has 7 treatments, that is, O (farmyard manure), ONP (farmyard manure plus N and P),NP, NK, PK, NPK and the Control. The results of the experiment show that Treatment O and Treatment ONP are much higher than the Control and the other four treatments in soil fertility, with soil organic matter increased by 8.4g/kg or more, readily available N, P and K by 14.6% or more and soil bulk capacity decreased by 0.16 or more against the Control. The other four treatments, however, do not show any big difference from the Control in soil fertility.

Based on field investigations and case studies, and oriented at development sustainability, an evaluation index system was established for the Yuexi County Ecology Demonstration Zone. It is composed of 4 levels and 18 indexes. By adopting a measuring model of weighted summation, the values of the development sustainability of Yuexi County for the datum year, the near future and long term target years of its program were calculated. 

Based on the status quo of the rural cadastral management in China, the necessity of establishing a rural cadastral information system (RCIS) is discussed. By means of case study of the development of software for the rural cadastral information system in Jiangsu, the framework, database functions and features of RCIS as well as the prospective applications of the system were elaborated. 

The method of determining chloryrifos residue in soil and water was described and the method was adopted to investigate contamination of chloryrifos in the soil and surface water of the neighborhood of a golf course that had used the pesticide. The results showed that the concentration of chloryrifos was < 0.4μg/L, much lower than the criterion (4μg/L) set by MHW(USA) for residue of the pesticide in drinking water in golf courses. 

An experiment was carried out to study Cu adsorption/desorption of three vegetable garden soils with results showing that Cu²⁺ adsorption increased with Cu²⁺concentration in the equilibrium solutions of the three soils. This fitted quite well with both Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation. The maximum Cu²⁺ adsorption and maximum buffering capacity of the soils obtained from Langmuir equation was in such a decreasing order as Fluvio marine yellow loamy soil (Huang Song Tu)>Fluvio marine polder soil (Jiang Tu Tu)>Aquic silt loamy soil (Fen Ni Tu).Cu²⁺ desorption and Cu\+\{2+\} desorption rate of the soils increased with Cu²⁺ adsorption of the soils. Significant or extremely significant positive linear relationship was observed between their adsorption and desorption.

New frontiers of the study of pollution ecology were systematically analyzed and summarized based on the current situation and trend of the study both at home and abroad, and focuses of the study in future were elaborated. It was held that pollution eco processes would be the central theme of the study of pollution ecology and pollution eco remediation and pollution eco engineering the focal points of the applied research of the subject. Through accomplishment of the researches, new growing points would be formed and developed for such new branches of pollution ecology as pollution eco chemistry, pollution eco toxicology, etc.

The concept of rhizosphere has been described. Rhizosphere consists of three major components: plant roots, microbe and soil (or water). Researches at home and abroad on pollution ecology in rhizosphere are expounded from the angle of the interaction between the three major components. The prospect and significance of the study on rhizosphere are discussed.

Findings and conclusions are reviewed of the studies on exudation properties, physiological and molecular biological basis of root exudates, relations of root exudates with agriculture and environment, and application of root exudates to improving soil fertility, phytomediation of heavy metals, exudation of allelopathy, and plant improvement of genetics. For further promoting the study in this field the orientation of the study of root exudates is discussed.

The researches on the harms of agricultural non point source pollution, its affecting factors and the control measures have been reviewed.

The formation processes and the characteristics of the criteria and indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management in Canada were described. Six criteria, several elements and indexes were introduced in detail. The apocalypse and the revelatory references that the Canadian Criteria and indicators could provide to China for a sustainable forest management have been analyzed on the bases of the Chinese situation.

Phenolic effluent from the manufacturing process of phenolic resin often contains formaldehyde, methanoic acid, etc.,so it is hard to be treated by absorption, extraction or biochemical means.Studies and experiments show that it can be used to produce a kind of wood binder, whose cohesive strength (shear strength) may reach 4.9 MPa, much higher than that of the all purpose wood binder being only 2.5-2.8 MPa. One ton of the phenolic effluent can be turned into 3 tons of the special wood binder, creating significant economic and environmental benefits. 

Based on the analyses of the definition, characteristics and significance of eco tourism, research was conducted on the vantage and potential of developing eco tourism in Lianyungang Municipality. Proposals and comments on the promoting of eco tourism in Lianyungang Municipality were brought forward.