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Table of Content

Volume 13 Issue 1
10 February 1997
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Study on Economic Loss Caused by Acid Deposition in Jiangsu Province
ZHU Li-Min, FENG Zong-Wei
1997, 13(1):  1-4,8. 
Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (892KB) ( 1221 )  
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The forest in Jiangsu province are affected by acid deposition in different extends. It has caused the decrease of forest productivity. The direct economic loss of timber reached 28.4 million yuan RMB each year, and the indirect economic loss owing to the decrease of ecological benefits reached 260 million yuan RMB annually. 
Planning on Sustainable Development and Ecological Tourism in Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve
SHEN Bing
1997, 13(1):  5-8. 
Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (95KB) ( 1641 )  
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Owing to its dual functions as national nature reserve and national senic spot, Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve is facing a series of environmental and ecological problems caused by the development of tourism. Aiming at the problems and by following the principle of coordination of conservation and tourism, the planning for tourist areas and tourist models has been proposed. The protection index, the tourist loading capacity and the related management countermeasures have also been discussed. 
A Discussion on the Improvement of Habitat in Dafeng David's Deer Reserve
XU Dian-Bo, DING Yu-Hua
1997, 13(1):  9-11. 
Abstract ( 552 )   PDF (366KB) ( 1375 )  
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Dafeng David's Deer Reserve takes introduction and protection of david's deers as its main objectives.In the past ten years,the population of david's deer in the Reserve has been increased from 39(introduced from abroad)to the present size of 268 which has greatly contributed to the introduction,preservation and rehabilitation of the david's deer population.However,the habitat in the semi-free range of the reserve is getting worse as a result of the population growth.The problem should be solved by:(1)expansingthe semi-free range;and(2)improving the habitat in the range through effective approaches so as to increase its stock capacity.In this paper,the countermeasures an suggestions on the improvement of habitat in the reserve have been put  forward.
Study on Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Controlling Measures in Lead Zinc Mine Area
ZENG Qing-Ru, ZHOU Xi-Hong, TIE Bai-Qing, YANG Ren-Bin
1997, 13(1):  12-15. 
Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (535KB) ( 1346 )  
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The characteristics of heavy metal pollution and its controlling measures in lead zinc mine area of South Hunan province were studied. The results showed that the environmental problem in mine area is Pb, Zn, Cd and As related multi metal pollution. The major chemical form of heavy metal in polluted soils was found to be in residual fractions. Fine grained ore tailing particles is the major carrier for transportation of heavy metals. The contaminations of Pb, Cd in crops of mine area were very serious. Altering of cropping systems is an effective measure for controlling of heavy metal pollutions in lead zinc mine area. 
Ecological Effects of Combined Cu, Pb and Zn Soil Pollution on rice Production
ZHANG Ji-Wu, LIANG Wei, LI De-Bo, GU Jian-Ning, YUE Zhen-Tao
1997, 13(1):  16-20. 
Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (201KB) ( 1397 )  
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Comprehensive effects of Cu, Pb and Zn in Soil on growth, yield and quality of rice have been studied through a series of pot culture experiments with a 4 level and 3 factor orthogonal design. The results of the experiments showed that when soil is polluted by single factor of Cu, Pb or Zn individually, the order of damages in terms of seriousness was Zn>Cu>Pb; when Cu, Pb and Zn were added togather into the soil with different combinations, the order of cooperative damages in terms of seriousness was Cu-Pb>Pb-Zn>Cu-Zn. In order to prevent the food chain from heavy metal pollution in eco environment, the critical values of 53, 305 and 165 mg/kg for Cu, Pb and Zn in soil respectively are suggested in the condition of combined Cu, Pb and Zu soil pollution.
Effects of Soil Water Potential and Nitrogen Supplement on the Biodegradation of Crude Oil
CHANG Zhi-Zhou, HE Jia-Jun
1997, 13(1):  21-24. 
Abstract ( 581 )   PDF (133KB) ( 1213 )  
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A laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the kinetics of available nitrogen and the effects of water potential and nitrogen supplement on the biodegradation of crude oil. Crude oil with the rate of 100 g/kg soil was ineffective to soil water potential. Water potential with the range of -100~-20 kPa had no effect on the biodegradation of crude oil. The degradation rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) decreased by 10%~30% as compared to the control with water potential of -1000 kpa. The most favourable C/N ratio to the biodegradation of crude oil was 90 in Weswood soil while with the ratio of 60 toxic effect occured to the biodegradation of crude oil. 
Treatment of Septic Tank Wastewater by Floating Soilless Culture of Plants
LI Fang-Bai, WU Qi-Tang
1997, 13(1):  25-28,41. 
Abstract ( 854 )   PDF (200KB) ( 1619 )  
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Static experiment of septic tank wastewater treatment have been carried out by adopting florating soilless culture of Garden Canna ( Canna generalis ), Swamp morningglory ( Iponoea aquatica ), Rice ( Oryza sativa ) and Wild Rice ( O. sativa ). The results showed that the COD, BOD 5 , TN and TP removal rates of the four plant treatments were all higher than that of the control. The results of an integrated assessment on the purification efficiency of the four plant species on the bases of purification capacity, lodging resistance, management, comprehensive utilization and landscape indicated that the purification efficiency of Garden Canna ranked the first followed by Swamp morningglory, rice and wild rice. 
Study on Management System of Environmental Monitoring Information in Afforestation Zone
WANG Bing, LIU Shi-Rong, CHEN Li
1997, 13(1):  29-32. 
Abstract ( 577 )   PDF (101KB) ( 1214 )  
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According to the agreement made by Chinese Forestry Ministry and the World Bank, sixty environmental monitoring spots for National Afforestation Project have been built in China. Five data bases including context base, water and soil loss base, monitoring data summary base, soil fertility base, and disease and pest base were established through the study. FoxPro for Windows program language was used to build the environmental monitoring information system. The system consists of five function modules: monitoring spots distribution, data management, data browsing, report building and data analysis. During the processes interactive information management method was adopted and the multimedia information saving function of General was fully utilized. The programs could disengage the FoxPro system environment and run independently under Micro Soft Windows. 
Study on Toxicological Effect of Maibingzhi
LIU Qian, JIAO Qing-Cai, YAO Gen-He, HUANG Xiao-Mu, JIANG Jia-Pu
1997, 13(1):  33-36. 
Abstract ( 861 )   PDF (132KB) ( 1181 )  
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This paper reported the experimental results of toxicological effect of maibingzhi. The LD 50 and the cumulation test showed that maibingzhi is a low toxic and low cumulation substance. A battery of short term both in vitro and in vivo mutagenic test systems with different hereditary detecting endpoints were employed for the study of genotoxicity of maibingzhi. The results also showed that maibingzhi with four doses (0.005~5 mg/ml) did not induce positive mutations for strains of TA 97 , TA 98 , TA 100 and TA 102 with or without Sgmix in the Ames test. Maibingzhi did not induce increasing micronucleus rate by the experiment of frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow. No chromosome aberration of reproductive system was found by the test of pathological morphological changes of spermatozoa. It did not cause the bad effects on SD mouse reproduction ability and embryo growth and development. In addition, it did not cause the deformity of the fetus appearances, bone and internal organs. 
The Grass Planting Technology for Highway Slope Lawn and Its Function in Slope Protection
CHEN Hong-Rong, XU Peng
1997, 13(1):  37-39. 
Abstract ( 606 )   PDF (114KB) ( 1690 )  
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The technology of planting Bemorda and Bahia grasses on highway slopes and the function of slope lawn in slope protection were studied. The results of the study show that the two species of grass have strong drought and poverty hardiness, well developed root systems and fost growing speed. By adopting special planting technology, grass seedlings started to emerge only about 10 days after seeding, and within three months the soil erosion had been reduced by 67.8%, the slope surface cut density had been reduced from 71% to 18%. It is concluded that highway slopelawn could green and beautify the slope as well as reduce the construction cost of highway.
Toward the Definition of Sustainable Agriculture—An Approach from Its Goals
JIN Le-Shan, ZHANG Fa-Rui
1997, 13(1):  42-45. 
Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (128KB) ( 1326 )  
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The connotation of sustainable agriculture is defined by the goals of sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is a kind of agricultural system with productional, economical, ecological and social sustainabilities as its goals. The four goals are described and their relationships are discussed in this paper. 
The Study of Nature Reserve Science and the Basic Theories of Landscape Ecology
QIU Yang, ZHANG Jin-Tun
1997, 13(1):  46-49,52. 
Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (202KB) ( 1501 )  
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Systematically, the paper introduces the nature reserve science based on the following basic theories and principles of landscape ecology: landscape stucture and function principle, landscape heterogeneity theory, landscape pattern theory, hierarchy scale theory, disturbance theory, biological diversity principle, and landscape stability theory. 
Discussion on Harmfulness and Causes of Water Pollution in Jiangsu Province
ZHU Wei-Bin, WANG Wan-Jie, ZHU Huai-Ning
1997, 13(1):  50-52. 
Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (142KB) ( 1750 )  
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The effects of water pollution accidents and water environmental pollution on fishery, drinking water source, agricultural and animal husbandary production and industrial production are discussed. The economic loss caused by water pollution is analyzed. It has been indicated that the sluggish and undirectional flow in waterway network area and the alternative water flowing of tidal rivers are the environmental hydraulic causes of water pollution in Jiangsu province. In addition, huge amount of wastewater carried in by entering rivers is also a significant cause of regional water pollution harmfulness. 
Discussion on the Relationships of Various Issues in the Construction of Ecological Agriculture Demonstration Counties
LI Quan-Sheng, WANG Zhao-Qian
1997, 13(1):  53-54. 
Abstract ( 557 )   PDF (72KB) ( 1197 )  
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After more than two years efforts, great progress has been made in the construction of ecological agricuture demonstration counties all over China. But on the other hand, some contradictions need to be well treated, some relationships need to be correctly handled during the construction. Based on the actual situation of construction of ecological agriculture demonstration counties in middle southern area of China, the approaches for treating the contradictions and the ways of handling the relationships have been discussed in this paper. 
Comparison of Organic Agriculture and Chinese Traditional Agriculture
XI Yun-Guan
1997, 13(1):  55-58. 
Abstract ( 977 )   PDF (189KB) ( 3087 )  
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The origin and connotation of organic agriculture and the relations and differences between organic agriculture and Chinese traditional agriculture are introduced. Some suggestions on accelerating the development of organic agriculture in China have been put forward. 
Evaluation on Nitrate Contamination of Main Vegetables in Suburbs of Nanjing
GAO Xiao-Jie
1997, 13(1):  59-61. 
Abstract ( 542 )   PDF (103KB) ( 1408 )  
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The nitrate contamination of main vegetables in Shuangzha Town of Suburb Nanjing were investigated and evaluated in accordance with standards converted from the maximum daily nitrate intake threshold issued by WHO/FAO. The results showed that Chinese cabbage ( Brassica pekinensis ) and pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis ) were heavily contaminated, spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ) was slightly contaminated and the nitrate contamination of radish ( Raphanus sativus ) was in between. It is strongly recommended that the nitrate contamination of vegetables be controlled and prevented.