The conservation of townships drinking watersources is an important task in current water pollution con-trol.In,paper,the major pollutant sources and wastewaterdischarge characteristics,which affects drinking water qualityof rivers were studied.On the basis of the status quo analysisand the characteristics of regional river’ s water PoIlutionsources in the suburb area,and system analysis method, thestatistical data of economy,population and environment of thetownship were input as the major information in the environ-ment management model, and the countermeasures and pollu-tion control programme for the conservation of water sourceswere worked out throught computer simulation.

Based on the present status of fast increase inreserve’s number and Iow level in their management in China,the necessity of formulating an evaluating standard forreserve’s effective management is advanced .13 evaluating cri-teria in the aspect of reserve’s management conditions,man-agement measures scientific research basis and managementeffects are put forward and scored in detail,and a set of quan-titative criterion system for evaluating reserve’s managementquality is presented. It provides a concise and practical evaluat-ing standard for the nationaI monitoring inspection of naturereserve management. 

On the basis of the status quo investigations inseveral typica large and middle size farms and defining princi-ples of ecolonomic evaluation index system.The index systemfor assessing the ecolonomic status of farm was established.The ecological regionization method provided by FAO andmain component analysis method were applied to screening in-dex from index system. On the basis of summarizing the previ-ous research results and in combination with the practical situ-ation of farms ,an evaluating equation（Y=10X₁+0. 075（X₂+X₃）+0.6X₄+5（X₅+X₆）+2X₇+0.15X₈+0.0015X₉）,whican con comprehensively reflect the present ecolonomic sta-tus of farms,was developed and applied in the assessment ofrural ecolonomics.The assessment indexes and methods de-fined in the study can be applied not only in various farms,butalso in various countryside of different regions in China.ItpIays a guiding role in the ecolonomics assessment of varioustypes of ecosystems in different regions of China.

The transformation and utiliation of materialsand energy in the food chain of rice straw-oyster mushroom-earthworm-finless eel were studied.The resuIts indicatethat the material and energy conversing and utilizing efficien-cies of oyster mushroom and finless eel were higher than thatof earthworm. An appropriate composition of detritus foodchain was discussed. 

ln the paper ,the effects of atmospheric phenolpolluted mulberry leaf on the growth and development of silk-worm Bombyx moir larvae were studied through simulatedstatic fumigation and natural investigation for polluted mul-berry leaf. The resuIts show that high level atmospheric phe-nol is toxic directly to silkworm Bombyx moir larvae when it isdiffused intermittently into a silkworm rearing room;low levelatmospheric phenol is toxic indirectly to the larvae throughlong term accumulation of phemol in the mulberry leaf. Whilebeing suffered fot the above,the lightly poisoned larvae willshow the sign of poor appetite,disorderly growth and develop-ment of larvae population,grey skin,and decrease in its bodyweight and reduction in mainly economic characteristics, andseriously poisoned larvae will die.

The effects of Cu and Zn on spring wheat andactivity of microbes in soil were studied.Tesults showthat aIthough Cu and Zn are necessity for plants ,they will beharmfuI to plants at excess amount.While the concentrationsof Cu and Zn in the soil reached to the toxic level,the yield ofspring wheat would be reduced. However, the contents of Cuand Zn in plant seeds increased. Cu and Zn also inhibited theactivities of microbes in the soil.According to the food hygienestandard ,economic benefit and the normal function of ecosystem,the critical concentrations of Cu and Zn in the studiedsoils were primarily set at 200mg/kg and 350mg/kg.seperately. 

The influences of Ni,Zn Mn sn,Cr and Cuand the oil treating agent on rice root systen were tested Itwas found that the growth of rice root system was inhibited at 0.007mg/1 of Ni and 0.005mg/1 of Cu in the water; retardedwith more than 0.5mg/of Zn;and significantIy injuried with 20mg/1 Mn, 5mg/1 Sn and 5mg/1 Cr⁶⁺in the water.WhenCu²⁺coexisted with Cr⁶⁺in the water,and the concentrationof one metal remains stable,the inhibition of rice root systemwas enhanced as the concentration of another metal ion in-creased .The development of the rice was suppressed by 1000mg/1 oil treating agent in the water. 

Under simulated conditions,the mobilities offour pesticides were studied in soiI TLC system,The resultsshow that methyl-ISP and Pyrimyxthion are immobile and be-long to grade Ⅱ pesticides propachlor is intermediate and be-longs to grade Ⅲ pesticide;and monocarboxoldehyde is mobile. 

The method of expert consultation and sequence synthesis were used to determine mean weight and the data structure weights of the indexes. On the basis of theprinciples and methods of application of exponential plus modeI to make ecological agriculture integrated sequence evaluation,11 eco-farming pilots have been practically assessed.which proved that the evaluation method is feasible.Whenthis method is used to make,general evaluation of more than 5eco-faming pilots,it is characterized by more scientific,practical,simple,and easily to popularize.

The rural eco-environment of HaimengCounty of Jiangsu Province in 1990 has been quantitatively evaluated through 10 experts’scoring to 36 indexes and the methodof integrated assessment which is based on the analytic hierarchy process.The resuIts suggest that as the resuIt ofstrengthening comprehensive control,the rural eco-environment of Haimeng County has not been deteriorated on thewhole in the process of great development of township and vil-lage industries since 1986. 

Seven experimental fields from 5 counties inTaihu Lake region were selected to study the effect of agricuI-tural non-point source organic pollution on agricuItural runoffin isolated catchment. The resuIts showed that the output oforganic matter to water body through drainage water was lessthan input to agricuItural soils through irrigation water. Theapparent specific load of organic matter in agricuItural soilswas-24.45～10.95kg/ha·a for paddy soil and-11.70～1. 65kg/ha· a for upland soil. The resuIts indicated that theorganic pollution to water body caused by drainage of agricul-tural soil was minor important.

The value of agricuItural products is formed inthe processes of labour input and consumption of natural re-sources.The economic benefit is created in the production andcirculation of agricultural products. The ecolomic benefit canbe created by resource regeneration in ecological cycle; Thetechnical economic benefit can be created by the application ofadvanced agricultural technique, and social economic benefitcan be created by the superiority of supply and demand in circulation. 

In this paper,the deveIopment of nature re-serves in China was reviewed,problems existed in the man-agement of nature reserves were analysed, the state,role andsignificance of Nature Reserves Management Decision SupportSytstem(NRMDSS)were enunciated, finally,the systemstructure and0 function of NRMDSS were approached.

The key issues of the studv on ecosystem di-versity and the importance of ecosystem conservation approachin biodiversity conservation were reviewed in the paper.Thestrategies and practices of ecosystem diversity conservation inthe world were also introduced and discussed.

Environmental protection is a national policy inChina,it calls for synchronous development with economicconstruction. Therefore,it urgently needs to carry on planningof future environmental development of the country,and toformulate definite ecologicaI targets, The paper deals with thisproblem from following four aspects: 1.protecting humanhealth;2. conserving biodiversity; 3.husbanding naturalresurces;4.protecting the natural and cuItural landscape. 

Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassiun1 nutrientscycles in the subsystems of farmland,hilly area and waterbodyat Shanyi Village of Xiaoshan City in Zhejiang province werestudied. The resuIts indicated that the soil organic matter content in the village was relatively rich; the inorganic nitrogenfertilizer was overused with N loss;the totai input of P fertilizer was far lower that of total output,and the K input was alsoIow,The waterbedy has been eutrophicated and fish growthcoefficient was 2.96. 

The benefit of water and soil conservation oforange orchard covered with grass in Zhexi Reservoir Areawas analyzed. The results show that the method of tillage caneffectively control water loss and soil erosion,improve soiIphysical and chemical properties and achieve the goal of preserving moisture,soil and fertilizer, Mean while,it can regulatethe climate of orange orchard and provide sound eco-environment for orange growth AlI these are essential for stable andhigh yield of orange.