Based on the theory and methodology of system engineering, the structure of the model for the management of drinking water environment at Songjiang Town is constructed, and the forms of the submodel are derived. Parameters in the model are obtained by several information processing methods. The applied results show that the model is of high precision, good function and very practical.

The relationship between radiation and water in oak forest was studied with the combination of water cycling and radiation energy transfer processes. The results show that water movement direction and water-exchanging quantities are varied with different radiations in the forest layer and ground layer. About 74. 5% of net radiation is used for evaportranspiration which accounts ior 77. 45 % of rainfall, so most radiation is mainly consumed on water cycling. In addition, the impact of radiate energy on snow-melting process was studied. It is found that mixed forest is an ideal runoff model of snow-melting because of its proper radiation characteristics as compared with other two forest types. 

By the end of 1991, 708 natural reserveswith various categories have been established in China with a total area of 56. 07 million hectares, occupying 5. 56% of China land territory, of which 389 reserves were established for conserving all kinds of ecosystems with an area 43 million hectares, 280 reserves for conserving wild species with an area of 12. 87 million hectares and 39 reserves for conserving natural relics with an area of 0. 187 million hectares. The construction of these reserves has made a great contribution to the conservations of biodiversity and other natural resources in China. Based on the reserve construction status of forest , grassland , desert, terrestrial wetland and fresh water, ocean and coast ecosystems, and wild animals and plants. the contribution of natural reserves construction in China to the biodiversity conservation and the shortcoming existed are comprehensively analyzed. 

The ecological engineering at Wulitang E-cological Farm is characterized by biogas engineering and oxidizing channel ot liquid slurry. Its structure and design are simple, practical and effective. The comprehensive analysis of the farm and its four subsystems shows that the great benefits in environmental protection and economic development have been achieved since the introduction of ecological engineering in the farm. 

A feeding experiment with 32 growing-finishing pigs was conducted to study the effects of biogas slurry added to the ration at different rates on pig’s weight gain, feed imake, feed utilization, health and pork quality. The results showed that the rates oi pig"s body weight gain and feed utilization were increased by 20. 6% and 17% respectively by adding the biogas slurry (air dry weight) at 1. 5 times as much as the ration, when the ration contained 10% gross protein and digestible energy value of 12. 1 MJ/ kg.

The effects of alfalfa on soil structure, moisture, nutrient content and salinity in the low plain of Heilonggang, the water deficit and salinised area, were studied. Alfalfa plays an important role in improving soil eco-environment and bringing about a sound cycle in the grassland ecosystem.

In this paper, agroecosystems of vegetable production region of Wusan Commune in Shenyang was classified, analyzed and evaluated with the met hods of principal component analysys and cluster analysis on the basis of the system environment recognition. Moreover, the functions of agro-ecosystem were thoroughly analyzed, which include the analyses of primary productivity, secondary productivity, energy budget, energy input structure, energy efficiency, material cycling and economic budget. Measures for changing system structure and improving system function are also proposed. 

The ceiluiase activity at abscision zone increases after fumigation To P run us mume with hydrofluoric acid. This might be the reason for leaf abnormally falling induced by airborne tluoride. By means of spraying growth substances before fumigation, the cellulase activity can be reduced and the effect of airborne fluoride on leaves abscision may be partially inhibited. 

This paper deals with the purification efficiency of sewage pond under natural condition. Regression analysis is conducted among pollutant contents (including TN . TP> CODcr, BOD5) in influent and effluent, and water temperature, so as to set up the interrelation equations among these parameters. The effects of environmental factors on the purification efficiency of sewage pond are discussed. 

Effects of trifluraiin on soil microbe and earthworm were studied. The results show that lower concentration (about 0. 5-10.0ppm) of trifluraiin stimulate to the growth of soil bacteria, actiriomycetes, and mould, pure cultures of Rhizobium japonicum and Azotobact er chroococcum,not only the colony number on agar medium being increased .but also the size of that being enlarged and the appearance of that being fast. Trifluraiin inhibited the activity of acetylene reduction of A. chroococcum. when it was added at same time with inoculation A. chroocuccum, however?it stimulated when it was done after A. chroococcum had grown well. It is suggested that soil microbes might use trifluraiin as sole carbon and nitrogen resources. More than 2. 0 ppm of trifluraiin was toxic to earthworm.

The current situation of sludge composting as fertilizer and its environmental impacts are reviewed. The impacts include accumulation of heavy metals, influence of agglutinant and harmful organic pollutant, secondary pollution with excess nixrogen and phosporus, odor, pathogenic bacteria and so on. The related counter-measures for these impacts are also suggested. Reinforcing environmental management, limiting the quantity of sludge and sludge composting as fertilizer are proper ways for solving sludge problem.

Phthalate esters (DBF, DEHP) residues and their distributions in farmland have been studied at Dongling District of Shenyang City where PVC plastic film is widely used to build greenhouse for producing vegetables. The results show that phthalate esters has ubiquitously existed in the soil. 

The effects of different amounts of copper adding to the lateritic paddy soil in Zhangjiang area of Guangdong Province on the growth and residue of rice and peanut are studied by pot experiment. The result indicates that the soil developed from basalt containing less than 200ppm Cu has beneficial rather than harmful effect on the growth of rice and peanut. The correlation between the concentration of added copper and its residue is significant in peanut, but not in rice. It is suggested that the critical concentration of copper in lateritic paddy soil is 277ppm.

Effect of heavy metal mixture pollution on rice growth is studied through pot experiment. Solutions for extracting available copper and cadmium are also explored. The results indicate that 2. 5% HAc can be used as available copper and cadmium extracting agent in acid paddy soil. Less than 5 mg/kg cadmium in soil will not have any effect on rice yield, however, cadmium concentration in the rice will exceed China National Adminissible Standard foi Food.

The effects of fluoride pollution on photosynthetic products, free amino acid, organic acid and three enzymes in the leaves of white mulberry were studied. Results indicated that fluoride pollution can change the nutrient quality of white mulberry. Based on the effects of fluoride pollution on physiolgical. biochemical characteristics of leaves, the validity of monitoring atmospheric fluoride damage to plant in combination with fluoride and sucrose content in plants as well as symptom of plant are discussed.

This paper deals with present state of wild rice resources in the east Taihu Lake, the environmental impact, the tendency of ecological disturbance and the decline in their utilizations. Measures are introduced for the control and exploitation of the resources, ihe protection of lake resource and water conservancy. 

On the basis of extensive investigation and monitorings, the present production and wastewater discharge in township and village printing and dyeing industries in China are studied. Various discharge coeffcients for printing and dyeing of cotton, wool, knit goods , chemical fibre, towel,sock and etc. have heen obtained. This study provides a scientific basis for the investigation of pollution sources from printing and dyeing township industy and evaluation rural environrnmental quality.