Loading...

Table of Content

Volume 28 Issue 3
25 May 2012
muci
Eco-Safety Assessment of Agricultural Sustainable Development in Jiangxi Province
ZHAO Zhi-Gang, WANG Kai-Rong, XIE Xiao-Li
2012, 28(3):  225-230. 
Abstract ( 1030 )   PDF (1713KB) ( 1883 )  
References | Related Articles | Metrics
Based on the status quo of the agricultural sustainable development in Jiangxi,an ecological safety assessment index system was set up.Using the clustering method,eco-safety of the agricultural production in Jiangxi Province was divided into four grades,i.e.unsafe,relatively unsafe,relatively safe and safe.According to geographical variability,the ecosystem of the circum-Poyang Lake region has suffered a certain degree of damage.The South Jiangxi region was quite poor in agricultural eco-safety,and the ecological problem with its agriculture is outstanding.In the Central Jiangxi region,the agricultural ecosystem is basically intact in structure and the agricultural eco-safety is quite good.Out of the 11 district-leveled cities in Jiangxi Province,six,including Ji′an fall into the relatively safe grade and the other five,including Yingtan,in the relatively unsafe grade.In light of the status quo of the agricultural sustainable development in Jiangxi,problems in construction of agricultural eco-safety systems are discussed,which will be of certain value to optimization of disposition of the regional agricultural resources and guidance of agricultural development. 
Correlation Degree Analysis of Meteorological Elements and Dynamic Remote Sensing of Alpine Lakes in Naqu Region of Tibet in the Past 35 Years
LIN Nai-Feng, SHEN Wei-Shou, ZHANG Hui, LI Hai-Dong
2012, 28(3):  231-237. 
Abstract ( 1059 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 2221 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Out of the 1976,1990,2000 and 2010 remote sensing images of Naqu region of Tibet,information was extracted about dynamic variations of alpine lakes bigger than one square kilometer in water surface,therein.And correlation analysis was done of the information with the meteorological data from 1966 to 2010 available from the nine meteorological stations in the region to explore responses of the dynamics of the lakes to changes in the climate.Results show that there were a total of 469 lakes(bigger than 1 km2 in water surface),amounting to 16 841.93 km2 in total area in 2010.In the past 35 years,the lakes increased by 3 505.12 km2 or 26.28% in total area(especially in the period of 2000-2010 by 18.18%) and by 96 or 25.73% in number of lake(especially in the period of 1990-2000 by 13.38%).The area of Lake Selin Co increased from 1 648.61 km2 in 1976 to 2 332.55 km2 in 2010,an increase rate of 41.49%,and exceeded Lake Nam Co in area,becoming the largest saline lake in Tibet.In the past 45 years,Naqu region witnessed a general rising trend in annual mean air temperature,annual mean highest air temperature,annual mean lowest air temperature,annual mean precipitation and annual mean relative humidity,but a reverse trend in annual mean evaporation,suggesting that the climate in that region is changing towards warm and wet,and the change in temperature is the most remarkable,increasing by 2.27 ℃ from 1966 to 2010.The climate tendency rate reached 0.51 ℃·(10 a)-1.The gray correlation degree analysis of dynamic changes in lakes with the meteorological factors shows that the the increase in ice-snow melt-water triggered by the rise of the air temperature,the increase in precipitation,the increase in relative humidity and the decrease in evaporation were the main causes of the increase in lake area and number of lakes in Naqu of Tibet over the past 35 years.Regression of the meteorological elements with changes in lake area shows they are linearly related. 
A Survey of Cadmium Concentrations in Vegetables and Soils in Guilin and Food Safety Assessment of Vegetables
SONG Bo, TANG Li-Rong
2012, 28(3):  238-242. 
Abstract ( 1002 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 2168 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
A large scale survey of cadmium levels in soil and vegetables planted or sold in Guilin was conducted to evaluate Cd pollution degree of vegetables and soil and to assess their potential health risks to local inhabitants.Results show that spatial distribution of soil Cd varied sharply from field to field in Guilin,displaying the characteristics of being lower in the northwest and southwest regions and higher in the northeast and southeast regions of Guilin.Compared with the sampling sites for background values,garden soils accumulated Cd significantly,and their Cd concentrations were found to be in the range from 0.056 to 17.35 mg·kg-1,and their median value,arithmetic mean value and geometric mean value was 0.624,1.193 and 0.696 mg·kg-1,respectively.About 85.5% of the garden soils were beyond the criterion for Cadmium in garden soil.Cd concentrations in vegetables varied in the range from 0.09 to 663.2 μg·kg-1(FW),with median and geometric means being 29.4 and 29.2 μg·kg-1(FW),respectively.The integrated over-standard rate of the samples reached 4.95%.Cd concentration was higher in leafy vegetables than in root,tube and melon vegetables.Cauliflower,leeks,cabbage,onions,taro,sugar pea,radish,spinach,garlic and tomatoes were quite low in Cd enrichment coefficient and therefore high in Cd resistance.On average,the residents of Guilin ingest 9.08 μg Cd per day per person through food,which does not pose any health risk to common people.
Impact of Climate Change on Distribution of Breeding Sites of Red-Crowned Crane in China
WU Wei-Wei, GU Sha-Sha, WU Jun, CAO Ming-Chang, LEI Jun-Cheng, XU Hai-Gen
2012, 28(3):  243-248. 
Abstract ( 1169 )   PDF (1805KB) ( 15467 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Trend of the impact of climate change on scope and spatial pattern of the distribution of breeding sites of red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis) in Northeast China was simulated and hence predicted using the maximum entropy model in combination with the general circulation model and the two climate scenarios(A2 and B2) recently published by the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).Results show that in either scenario,the climate change will lead to steadily shrinkage of the suitable nesting area for the birds and shift of the birds′ core distribution area towards west and north.The change is very obvious in the three provinces of Northeast China.The east part of Inner Mongolia will become a major place of habitat for the red-crowned cranes.It is,therefore,suggested that a complete reliable set of systems be established as soon as possible for monitoring distribution of the red-crowned cranes in China,and that greater efforts be done to restore the wetlands in that region by replenishing them with water to conserve the breeding grounds of the birds.
Effects of Pattern of Vegetative Protection of River Slopes on Wind,Noise and Micrometeorology Along the Huai′an Section of the Grand Canal
LI Dong-Lin, ZHANG Xiao-Qian, JIN Ya-Qin, XU Bo
2012, 28(3):  249-254. 
Abstract ( 880 )   PDF (874KB) ( 1593 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Effects of five different patterns of vegetative protection of river slopes on wind,noise and micrometeorology along the Huai′an Section of the Grand Canal were studied.Results show that the effects of vegetative protection regulating wind speed,noise level,sunlight intensity,air temperature and relative humidity were quite obvious.Compared with the control of vegetation-free slope,the slope with Phragmites australis had lower wind speed and noise level at the water side and the effects became stronger with the reed community growing wider and denser.The vegetative protection formed of Prunus persica+Phragmites australis was very effective in reducing wind speed,providing shade and increasing humidity,and what’s more,in creating some economic profit,so that,it is a pattern worth further extrapolating along the Grand Canal.The vegetative protection composed of Metasequoia glyptostroboides+Phragmites australis had certain effect of reducing air temperature and increasing humidity,but little of dulling noise or providing shade,so that,it can be used for slopes low in depression,providing people with sightseeing spots in winter.The vegetative protection of Pyrus bretschneideri+Phragmites australis reduced wind speed and noise level significantly,but its effect on micrometeorology was affected by artificial interference.The vegetative protection formed of Cynodon dactylon +Phragmites australis was limited in effect.It is advisable to avoid the use of this pattern as much as possible in designing vegetative protection of river slopes. 
Effect of Shelterbelt on Soil Organic Carbon in Farmland in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin:A Case Study of Yanting
LI Ya-Qin, LI Liang, HUANG Rong, ZHANG Yi-Fan, HE Hai-Yang, YANG Zhan-Biao
2012, 28(3):  255-259. 
Abstract ( 1018 )   PDF (1405KB) ( 1691 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Farmland shelterbelt has an important ecological effect on agroecosystem.A comparative analysis was conducted of soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon(Cmic)in field with shelterbelt and fields under crop rotation in the hilly region of central Sichuan basin,to study effects of cypress shelterbelt on two parameters.Results show that SOC and Cmic contents in the farmlands(under rapeseed-maize rotation and monocropping of maize) with shelterbelt were significantly higher than that in the farmlands without shelterbelt,and declined with the increasing distance from the shelterbelt.However,in the fields without shelterbelt,the distribution of SOC and Cmic did not vary much.According to the multifactor variance analysis,shelterbelt had significant effects on both SOC and Cmic,while crop rotation had such effect only on soil Cmic in the shallow soil layer.The experiment showed that on the whole the cypress shelterbelt can improve SOC content in the farmland,but it does somewhat affect growth of the crop in its vicinity.It is,therefore,advisable to alter the composition or restructure the pure cypress shelterbelt. 
Effect of Scooping out Blue Algae on Growth of Microcystis aeruginosa
ZHOU Bei-Bei, WANG Guo-Xiang, YANG Fei, XIA Ming-Fang
2012, 28(3):  260-265. 
Abstract ( 854 )   PDF (1679KB) ( 1752 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Effect of scooping blue algae out of the culture solution of Microcystis aeruginosa at its logarithmic phase and stationary phase on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated through measuring cell density of Microcystis aeruginosa cultured indoors using the once-for-all culturing method.Results show that the scooping at different growth stages rendered significantly different impacts on subsequent growth of Microcystis aeruginosa.When scooping was done at the logarithmic phase,Microcystis aeruginosa could go on growing well.Intensive scooping would prolong Microcystis aeruginosa′s logarithmic growth period with the maximum population density displaying a rising trend.And when scooping was done at the stationary stage,Microcystis aeruginosa would quickly restore its stationary stage,thus inhibiting its subsequent growth,Measurement of MDA accumulation and SOD activity of the algae indicates that scooping of blue algae eliminates the density-related restraint on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa during its growing period,and delays aging of the algae. 
Effects of Oenanthe javaica Extracts on Growth and Ultrastructure of Chlorella vulgaris
YUAN Ya-Guang, LI Si-Yu, ZAI Xue-Ming, QIN Pei
2012, 28(3):  266-270. 
Abstract ( 816 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 2105 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Pure culture of chlorella was done in solutions different in concentration of Oenanthe javaica extracts added,to explore effects of O.javaica extracts on growth,chlorophyll content and ultrastructure of chlorella.Results show that in the treatment of 10 g·L-1 O.javaica extract growth of chlorella was significantly promoted,and in the treatment of 20 g·L-1 O.javaica extract the number of cells and chlorophyll content of chlorella increased with a margin narrower than that in the control in the first 7 days,and afterwards,the growth was inhibited.In the treatments of 30-50 g·L-1 O.javaica extract,phenomenon of the inhibition became obvious on the fifth day and more obvious with the time going on and with the increasing concentration of the extract added as well.In the treatment of 40 g·L-1 O.javaica extract,cell walls of the algae broke up and even vanished,chloroplast lamellas in the cells swelled and even disintegrated,and karyolemmas ripped with karyoplasm extravasating.The findings indicate that O.javaica extract had an allelopathic effect on chlorella,and when low in concentration,it promotes growth of the algae,but when high,it acts reversely.
Effects of Pb Stress on Fractionation and Distribution of Pb in Pogonatherum crinitum
HOU Xiao-Long, CHEN Jia-Song, LIU Ai-Qin, CAI Li-Ping
2012, 28(3):  271-276. 
Abstract ( 937 )   PDF (1222KB) ( 1833 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
An indoor hydroponic experiment was carried out cultivating Pogonatherum crinitum under Pb stress for 15 days and then the plants were sampled for analysis of chemical forms and cellular compartmentation of Pb,using the sequential chemical extraction method and electron microscopy.It was found that Pb existed in the roots and shoots mainly in the form of HCl-extractable Pb,which accounted on average for >30% of the total Pb present in the plant,and peaked up to 46.84% and 61.49%,respectively.HAc-and NaCl-extractable Pb were the next most abundant forms of Pb and residual and water extractable Pb the least abundant.The findings suggest that among the chemical forms of Pb in the plant,apart from HCl-extractable Pb,there were mainly phosphate-bonded Pb,protein-bonded Pb or adsorbed Pb,which,being rather weak in mobility and reducing Pb toxication of the plant.Observation by electron microscope found that most of the Pb in roots and leaves of the plant was bound to the cell walls,which is consistent with the findings about Pb chemical forms in Pogonatherum crinitum.However,the plant is still highly capable of transporting Pb from roots to shoots.
Toxic Effects of Copper on Monodonta labio
NAN Xu-Yang , DAI Ling-Peng, CAO Qi
2012, 28(3):  277-281. 
Abstract ( 985 )   PDF (833KB) ( 1674 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Acute Cu toxicity and Cu enrichment of Monodonta labio under Cu2+ stress and effects of Cu2+ on CAT and SOD activities in the hepatopancreas of Monodonta labio were studied.Results show that the 96 and 72 h half lethal concentration [ρ(LC50)] of Cu2+ to Monodonta labio were 19.36 and 38.49 mg·L-1,respectively.And the safe concentration of Cu2+(ρs) to Monodonta labio was 1.936 mg·L-1.Monodonta labio enhanceed its Cu enrichment when the ρ(Cu2+) ranged from 0.25 to 4.00 mg·L-1.An obvious dose-dependent effect of CuCu2+ was observed on Monodonta labio.When ρ(Cu2+)was 4.00 mg·L-1,Cu2+ accumulation in Monodonta labio increased with the time of treatment,showing a obvious time-dependent effect.In all the Cu2+-treated groups CAT activity in hepatopancreas of Mondonta labio were higher than those in the control.In most of the treatments,the differences were highly significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01 or P<0.001).However,in some treatments,Monodonta labio showed lower hepatopancreas SOD activity than they did in the control. 
Effect of additive on transformation and loss of nitrogen during composting of food wastes.
YANG Yan-Mei
2012, 28(3):  282-287. 
Abstract ( 938 )   PDF (974KB) ( 1707 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
An experiment of composting kitchen waste under static aerobic conditions using different additives was carried out to investigate effects of the additives on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss during the composting process. The experiment was designed to have 4 treatments, i.e. Treatment A0, CK; Treatment A1, addition of 30mL·kg-1 high temperature nitrogen-conserving bacterial agent; Treatment A2, addition of 1mol·kg-1 chemical nitrogen-conserving agent; and Treatment A3, addition of 30mL·kg-1 high temperature nitrogen-conserving bacterial agent plus 1mol·kg-1 chemical nitrogen-conserving agent. At the end of the composting, analyses show that Treatment A0, A1 and A2 increased TN content in the compost by 8.4%, 38.4% and 43.1%, and organic nitrogen content by 9.9%, 64.3% and 68.8%, but decreased ammonia nitrogen content by 11.3%, 86.5% and 86.5%, votilization of ammonia nitrogen by 13.4%, 84.0% and 86.5%, and nitrogen loss by 17.5%, 61.5% and 67.2%,  respectively, as compared with that in CK. Obviously, the use of additives could reduce volatilization of ammonia nitrogen and loss of nitrogen nutrient from the compost in the process of composting. The effect of the chemical agent was better than that of the bacterial agent, when they were used separately. Of the three treatments, Treatment A2, using the two agents together, is the best in the effect.
Effects of Wheat-Straw-Based Biochar on Yield of Rice and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Late Rice
QU Jing-Jing, ZHENG Jin-Wei, ZHENG Ju-Feng, ZHANG Xu-Hui, LI Lian-Qing, PAN Gen-Xing, JI Xiong-Hui, YU Xi-Chu
2012, 28(3):  288-293. 
Abstract ( 1174 )   PDF (795KB) ( 2549 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Biochar prepared out of wheat straw was applied in reddish yellow paddy soil in Changsha of Hunan and red paddy soil in Jinxian of Jiangxi in a field experiment to explore for effects of biochar applied at a rate of 20 and 40 t·hm-2,separately on yields of early and late rice and nitrogen recovery efficiency of late rice.It was found that the early rice didn′t respond much in yield to the combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar,regardless of rate,in the two experiment sites,and neither the late rice in the experiment site of Changsha did,but the late rice at the experiment site of Jinxian did,increasing by 5.18% and 7.95%,separately,in the two treatments of 20 and 40 t·hm-2 biochar.With the same N application rate,the treatments of 40 t·hm-2 biochar in both experiment sites increased soil organic carbon by 55% or more over the control.Application of the biochar was found to increase pH in acid or weakly acid soil,lower soil bulk density and also increase nitrogen use efficiency of rice by 20.33 and 17.58 percentage point in the treatments of 40 t·hm-2 biochar in the experiment sites of Changsha and Jinxian,respectively and nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 39.81% in Jinxian.The experiment demonstrates that biochar amendment in acid soil can stabilize or even increase rice yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Mixtures of Sludge and Saline Soil and Their Effects on Growth of Five Species of Wild Plants
GAO Jie, ZHOU Yong-Gang, ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Dong-Mei, LU Lin
2012, 28(3):  294-299. 
Abstract ( 1028 )   PDF (895KB) ( 1639 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Feasibility of the application of sludge to amelioration of coastal saline soil was studied through a pot experiment using 5 species of wild plants,Bidens pilosa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Schizonepeta tenuifolia,Kalimeris indica and Taraxacum mongolicm.Mixtures of sludge and coastal saline soil were prepared with the former accounting for 0,20%,40%,60%,80% and 100%,separately.In order to explore for the most suitable application ratio of the sludge to the soil and appraise the wild plant resources,physicochemical properties of the mixtures were determined and effects of the mixtures on survival rate,chlorophyll content and dry weight of the plants analyzed,and cumulative concentrations of heavy metals in the plants measured.Results show that it is feasible to use the sludge to ameliorate the coastal saline soil,when the concentration of sludge was between 20%-60%,the physicochemical properties of the mixtures satisfied "Planting Soil for Greening"(CJ/T 340—2011).The optimal sludge-soil ratio is 60%∶40%,and the survival rate of plants is 100%.Bidens pilosa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Schizonepeta tenuifolia,Kalimeris indica and Taraxacum mongolicm are excellent pioneer plant species in restore vegetation in the coastal area of Shanghai.
Effects of Maize and Soybean Phytoremedying Petroleum Polluted Acid Soil
LIU Jian, LI Yan-Li, KE Lin
2012, 28(3):  300-304. 
Abstract ( 942 )   PDF (966KB) ( 1873 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
An outdoor pot experiment was conducted to compare maize(Zea mays) with soybean(Glycine max) in effect of removing petroleum pollutants from acid soil.Results show that both of the two plants are good at tolerating and removing petroleum pollutants in the soil.In labe,maize and soybean could remove 38.41%-64.30% and 34.24%-63.96%,respectively of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil,while in the field only 23.77%-58.43%.The PCR-DGGE pattern showed that abundance and diversity of the microbial community in the polluted soil decreased with the increase in concentration of the pollutants from 0 to 17 295 mg·kg-1.The root systems of the two plants are able to selectively promote proliferation of some species of microbe in the rhizosphere and the effect is more significant with maize than with soybean. 
Effects and Mechanisms of Straw Biochar on Remediation Contaminated Soil in Electroplating Factory
GAN Wen-Jun, HE Yue, ZHANG Xiao-Fei, ZHANG Sheng-Tian, LIN Yu-Suo
2012, 28(3):  305-309. 
Abstract ( 1331 )   PDF (1208KB) ( 3330 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Soil samples were collected from a heavily contaminated zone in an electroplating plant site for stabilization test using biochar derived from straw.Variation of the heavy metals in amount and form with the rate of biochar amended into the soil was analyzed.Results show that biochar changed the forms and distribution of heavy metals in the soil and had some significant effect stabilizing the polluted soil,particularly on Cr.With increasing biochar amendment rate,the content of residual form of Cr increased significantly.Especially in the treatment of 100 g·kg-1 biochar,the content of residual Cr increased by 59.51 mg·kg-1,as compared with that in CK(1 098.75 mg·kg-1),being the largest increment.The effect of stabilizing Cu and Ni was closely related to biochar amendment rate: when biochar was added up to or over 70 and 30 g·kg-1,its remediation effect on Cu and Ni was quite obvious,but not on Zn in the soil.When biochar amendment rate was 50 g·kg-1,the total content of the 4 heavy metals(Cu,Cr,Ni and Zn) in residual form increased up to 1 805.95 mg·kg-1,much higher than 1 745 mg·kg-1 in CK.The biochar amendment rate was quite reasonable. 
QSBR Models for Predicting Anaerobic Biodegradation of Chemicals
MA Yi, LIU Ji-Ning, CHEN Ying-Wen, SHI Li-Li, SHEN Shu-Bao
2012, 28(3):  310-314. 
Abstract ( 835 )   PDF (898KB) ( 1608 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Anaerobic biodegradation data of 155 kinds of organic chemicals were collected.Among them the data of 109 chemicals were picked up randomly for use in the training set,and of the remaining 46 in the validation set.By splitting constitutional formula,radicals or groups of the chemicals were obtained and analyzed with multiple linear regression and BP artificial neural network,separately,to explore for quantitative relationships between structure and biodegradability of organic chemicals(QSBR).Results show that the use of MLR in analyzing the validation set was 78.26% in accuracy and 84.52% in total accuracy and for the use of BP-ANN,82.61% in accuracy and 90.32% in total accuracy.Obviously the latter is superior to the former. 
Group-Contribution-Method-Based Model for Prediction of Aerobic Biodegradation of Organic Compounds
TANG Chen, LIU Ji-Ning, SHI Li-Li, MA Yi, CHEN Guo-Song
2012, 28(3):  315-319. 
Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (823KB) ( 1759 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
From MITI-Ⅰ test,a total of 587 different kinds of organic compounds were screened out.Through structure splitting,50 kinds of these were picked out randomly as a validation set,and the other 537 as a training set.Models were built up using the multiple linear regression method(MLR) and support vector machine(SVM),separately,for predicting aerobic biodegradation of organic chemicals.Results show that functional groups,such as aromatic acid,aldehyde,aromatic iodine and tetriary amine,had much effect on aerobic biodegradability of these organic compounds.The prediction using the multiple-linear-regression-based model reached 81.43% in overall accuracy,and 82% with the validation set;and the use of the other model based on support vector machine reached 87.90% in overall accuracy,and 86% with the validation set.The two kinds of QSBR models can be used to evaluate aerobic biodegradability of organic chemicals. 
Assessing Hydrological Impacts of Changes in Land Use and Precipitation in Chaohe Watershed Using MIKESHE Model
WANG Sheng-Ping, ZHANG Zhi-Qiang, Ge Sun, Peter Strauss, GUO Jun-Ting, YAO An-Kun, TANG Yin
2012, 28(3):  320-325. 
Abstract ( 847 )   PDF (1250KB) ( 2369 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
In order to test applicability of the MIKESHE model in the Chaohe watershed,and to examine impacts of the changes on decadal runoff of the Chaohe River over the past 45 years,the MIKESHE model was applied to the research in the Chaohe watershed.After calibrating the model with a multi-site calibration procedure,hydrological impacts of changes in land use and precipitation were disentangled by running scenario simulations.Results show that the model was generally good at simulating the average runoff and the dynamic variation of the runoff in the watershed,although the modeling performance was less satisfactory in the Dage Station than in the Xiahui and Daiying Stations,with Nash-sutchliffe coefficient for the three stations being 0.56 and 0.49,0.65 and 0.69,and 0.57 and 0.68 for the calibration and validation periods,respectively.Compared with the reference period(1963 to 1979),the period from 1980 to 1989 witnessed a sharp decrease,ca 22 mm,in annual runoff in the watershed,to which changes in land use and precipitation contributed almost equally,accounting for 59% and 41%,respectively.The period from 1990 to 1999 did not see much change in annual runoff as compared with the reference period,which was owing to the hydrological impact of the change in precipitation being offset by that of the change in land use during this period.And the period from 2000 to 2008 had its annual runoff cut by 35 mm,of which 80% was attributed to the change in precipitation and 20% to that in land use.
Introduction and Application of a Quantitative Method for Evaluation of Construction of Ecological Industrial Park(EIP)
LIANG Li-Hong, QIAN Yi, SUN Jing, ZHAO Jie
2012, 28(3):  326-328. 
Abstract ( 808 )   PDF (816KB) ( 2000 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
A quantitative evaluation method for evaluation of construction of ecological industrial park(EIP) was introduced.It was based on calculations of degree of the correlation between factories or enterprises in the park and recycling rate of their byproducts and wastes.The Yangzhou EIP was chosen as a case of study for evaluation using the method,and for comparison with some other industrial parks at home and abroad.It was found that the park lagged somewhat behind.Directions and approaches were recommended for further improving the ecological level of the Yangzhou EIP.And this method was found to be simple,sensitive and workable. 
Comparison in Nitrogen Content between Grass Carp Dominated Fish Ponds Different in Polyculture Model.
ZHU Yu-Ting, YANG Xue-Fen, WANG Qin, CHEN Jie, SHI Pei-Song, XIONG Bang-Xi
2012, 28(3):  329-332. 
Abstract ( 946 )   PDF (917KB) ( 1835 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
Nitrogen contents in the waters and sediments collected from three fish ponds dominated with grass carp but slightly different in polyculture model (Model I, containing 250 Grass carps, 35 Silver carps, 40 bighead craps, and 15 Crucian carps; Model II, 250 Grass carps, 25 Silver carps, 20 bighead craps, 20 paddlefishes, and 15 Crucian carps. Model III,250 Grass carps, 35 Silver carps and 15 Crucian carps) were analyzed for comparison. Results show that in waters that the mean total nitrogen content of Model Ⅰ, Model Ⅱ, Model Ⅲ was 1.251 mg?L-1, 1.001 mg?L-1, and 1.228 mg?L-1, respectively; and the mean ammonium nitrogen content, 0.391 mg?L-1, 0.345 mg?L-1 and 0.319 mg?L-1, respectively; the content of nitrate showed a decreasing order of Model I > Model II > Model III, and the content of nitrite followed a different order, i.e. Model Ⅱ> Model Ⅰ> Model Ⅲ. And in sediments, the mean total nitrogen content of Model I, Model II and Model III was 0.793 mg?g-1, 0.910 mg?g-1 and 0.963 mg?g, respectively; and the mean ammonium nitrogen content, 0.005 mg?g-1, 0.006 mg?g-1 and 0.004 mg?g-1, respectively. TN in water was significantly lower in Model II than in Models I and III (P <0.05), and the transformation of nitrogen nutrients in the sediment was quicker too. Obviously, Model II is the most conducive to transformation and utilization of Nitrogen nutrients in the waterbody.
Distribution and Degradation of Imazapyr Residue in Soil
CUI Hai-Jun, WU Xiao-Li, ZHANG Zhong-Jun, YUE Jin-Jun
2012, 28(3):  333-336. 
Abstract ( 1084 )   PDF (879KB) ( 1775 )  
Related Articles | Metrics
In combination with indoor degradation test under controlled conditions,a field experiment was carried out in a bamboo forest on a hill slope in the subtropics of China to study distribution and fate of imazapyr in the soil,so as to guide safe use of the substance in similar regions.Results show that under laboratory conditions microbial degradation of imazapyr was quite slow in the soil,and degradation half life of the substance was 77 d,which might be attributed to the cause that imazapyr-degrading microbes in the soil of a pure bamboo forest were few in population or low in activity.In the field imazapyr residue was distributed mainly in the 0-20 cm soil layer.In the early days after imazapyr application when the concentration of the substance was high its loss through leaching and runoff with rainfall was significant,while in the late days after imazapyr application when the concentration of the substance was low,its degradation was little affected by rainfall,but mainly by soil microbes.Imazapyr has certain mobility and stability in soil.In case it is used in mountainous areas high in rainfall,attention should be paid to its possible impact on water sources,environment and biology in the downstreams.