In the paper, the concept and significance of biological diversity to human being’s existence and development were enunciated systematically at the three levels of ecosystem, species and gene. And the abundance of Chinese biodiversity and the achivcmcnts for biodiversity conscrvcation in China dor past decades were introduced and summarized Furthermore, the conservation strategy suitable in China was discussed and some proposals were put forward, including enhancing the propaganda, administration, Scientific research and research personnel for the biodiversity conservation, Workimg out China Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan and opening the international cooperation widely.

The biodiversity and its habitats arc humanity’s life-support mechanisms. Their loss undermines prospects for sustainable development To these ends, WRI, IUCN and UNEP etc. have organized a collaborative Biodiversity Conservation Strategy Programme. This paper mainly deals with the Programme’ s goal, research confronts and desired products. 

Food production system in Chengczhuang village near Beijing was studied in viewpoint of energy and substance flow . Quantitative characters of energy and substance flow arc summarized . The parameters of food productivity and efficiency of resource utilization arc obtained . The carrying capacity of human population in the system under various diet structure is analysed . It is suggested that food diet with a major proportion of vegetable protein is the appropriate consume system in the place . Measures for further improvement of the system arc proposed .

Based on the environmental and natural characteristics of low-lying damp land in three-river plain, the plane ecological structure of "dryland field-paddy field-grass- field-fish pond" was formulated. While adjusting the ecological st ructurc, the ratio of input to output tor manpower auxiliary energy and the equilibrium of the farmland nutrients was analyzed or estimated scpcratcly, and the means of further development and perfection was put forward Analyses show that the system structure tends to be rational with its function increasing constantly, which indicates that the agrcccosystem of low-lying land changes in landscape. Moreover the integrated benefits increase every year. The study fully embodied the concept of rational ecological structure is the coordination of organism species and ecological conditions and it makes the use of resources reasonably, attaining the simultanous development of economic, ecological and social benefits.

Energy Dow and material circulation of the Xijingzi agricultural ecosystem arc estimated The fundamental features of the system arc analysed and ways for improving ard heightening the function of Xijingzi system arc proposed. 

On the principle of systematic input and output, the energy flow and conversion in upland crop combinations in the Yibin district of Sichuan province was analysed, and the duster analysis of the types was carried out The development in the future was also suggested in this paper.

A comparative analysis of fertilizer benefits in farmland between before and after construction ofccoagriculturc at IIchcng Villag: was conducted in present paper. The study showed that eco-agriculture could reduce the amount and cost of the fertilizer and that that yield of crop could be increased and the soil fertility could be improved. The measures rcarding fertilizer application in the Village also discussed. 

The process of cotton growth is in the functionning period of "cotton-soil-environment" system, Based on this theory, the paper dcait with the control and regulation through applying fertilizer of cotton in varous soils and growth stages, L e., applying fertilizer on burden calculation. Experiments over 3 years at IIcheng Village indicated that this method can increase economic and ecological benefit.

Based on the assessment of environmental impact caused by embanking and economic benefit analysis for planting and raising in several coastal region of Sanmen, ways for comprehensive developing Sanmen coastal saline arc proposed. It is suggxtcd that embanking planting should be priorly planned in the coast of Pupa Cove; shore-raising should be arranged, bio-resources and the port should be protected and embanking should be forbidden in Jiantiao Cove; shore-raising and embanking raising should be arranged as main projects in IIaiyou Cove (induding Qimcn Cove), in some case, also for embanking planting.

With the application of the principles of eco-economics, the structure, function and features of eco-economic system in Zichang county arc comprehensively analyzed The results showed that the ecological environment quality was quite low, the ecological balance was maladjusted, economical structure was improper and the economic benefit was low in the county. The fragility of ecosystem and the irrationality of economical structure result in vicious cycle of eco-economics. The vicious cycle is still going oa The countcrmcasurcs for realizing the synchronous improvement and the harmonious development of the ecological and economical systems arc also proposed. 

The nutrient levels in the sediments of different watcrbody in Yangzhong county were studied. Relationship between the watcrbody and the sediment was discussed. A standard method for assessing nutrient levels in sediment has been developed It is recommended that the method can be used as a useful reference to study the water pollution in other areas and to establish the national assessment standard for sediment. 

The developing situation of township industry and its effect on ecological environment have been deeply investigated in Yunnan Province. The results showed that the township industries in Yunnan belonged to raw material industries, therefore, their eflccts on ecological environment arc diflcrcnt from what in coastal regions bche pollutial enterprises in Yunnan are centralized, the amounts of air, water and solid wastes arc extremely large, pollutants distribution changes with location, and various degrees of environment and resources arc subjected to be affccted Stragcties for the environment protection arc also proposed.

It in important to construct a good environmental zone around Yanchcn natural environmental protection area in order to protect the rare birds in the area According to the investigation of pollution sources from the township industries around the area in 1988, the number of red cranes which stay in the place throughout the winter every year, as well as the ratio of polluting industries to the total industries, the volume of polluting substances, the polluting dense, and the environmental quality of main pollutants, water and air quality, it is concluded that the industries around the area had little effect on the protected environment and the rare birds as red crane. It is suggested that much more attention should bcpaid to the pollution problem because the industries are developing rapidly and the protected area needs higher quality environment In order to make the industries developing correctly, measures for dealing with the pollution problem include taking much more things into consideration to place the sites of industries in a best way, adjusting the industrial structure and enhancing the environmental management.

The nutritional ecology of herbivores is a rising fringe subject The basic contents of the subject arc composed of the interrelationships and the action mechanisms between herbivore populations and food resources in its environment The main aspects of the subject consist of the food selection, the evaluation of food nutritional quality, the energy budget, the nutritional adaptation strategy, the behavior of utilizing resources and the nutritional carrying capacity.

At the beginning of last decade, the total human exposure study was first carried out at abroad which focuses on humans as receptors of pollutants. This study makes up for tlx; disadvantage of current pollutant risk assessment, finds a new way to control pollutants, and provides a new means for health risk assessment The necessity of carrying out total human exposure study in China was discussed in this paper. 

Methods for disposing poultry droppings in China and abroad can be summarized as following drying poultry manure in tlx: cage with ventilator, under sun light, through ferment, by fire and microwave emitting burning the dry poultry droppings for heating; ferment of the poultry manure to produce methane; disposal by biochemical treatment; manufacture of pellitized organic fertilizer; biological conversation of poultry waste to feedstaffs for feeding fish, cattle, pig, broiler chicken and so on because the poultry manure is high in protein and other nutritional component. 

A gas chromatographic method without derivatization was established for the residue analysis of 19 organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides in cereals, fruit and vegetable. The samples were blended or shaken with acetone-water for extraction. The extracts were partitioned with diehlormethane. The organic phases were cleaned by coagulation. The residues were determined by gas chromatography rquipped with NPD and a 1m long and 0.2 cm id glass column packed with 5% OV-17on chrom Q (80 - 100mcsh). All of the 19 organonitrogcn and organophosphorus pesticides were separated under constant temperature. The experiment showed that the method described above was applicable to the multircsiduc analysis of 19 pesticides in cereals, fruit and vegetable. The variant cocflicicnt for relative retention times was 0-1.19% and that of peak height reproducible was 1.30-7.9% The method has satisfactory recoveries (85.16-103.3%) and good variant coefficient (0.60-8.43%). The minimum tectability was 0.58 × 10^-11 - 6.10 ×10¹⁰ g , and minimum detectability concentration was 0.0004 -0.0610ppm.