Tropical forests cover only 7 % of Earth’s land surface, but they are estimated to contain at teast 50% of all biological species. This paper mainiy deals with the present situation and development of biodiverdity in these forests as well as its conservation strategy. 

Fish and clams breeding with digested liquid sludge and thicken manure res- pectively in the aspects of production of fish fry, production and its economic efficiency, utilization rate of energy and nitrogen element and the meat quality of fish fries are compared and studied.The results show that digested liquid sludge is much better than chicken manure in the fish and clams breeding. Based on the regular analysis and determination of the quality of manure,bait and water in the experiment, it is suggested that breeding fish fry with digested liquid sludge is the simpler and better way for increasing fry survival rate, fish quality, and economic efficiency and for lowering investment cost.

This Paper analysed the sun-light, warm, soil, labour resources and the development of agriculture in Heheng village. The results demonstrated that the soil in Heheng village is good, sun-light and warm resources are plentiful,but the development index of grey theory for agriculture is only 0.0498, which is extremely lower than that of the total production because of the limitation of the sun-light energy ratio and multi-rotation systems. According to the resources of the village, the planning model is applied to propose the optimal rate for planting rotation, which is green manure -rice - rice→wheat - rice→rape + soybean -cotton 40%, wheat-rice→ wheat-cottons-barley-rice 14%, wheat-soybean+ broab bean→wheat -rice→ wheat-rice 35%, barley-rice-soybeans→wheat- cotton→barley-rice-soybean 10%. This rotation system can increase net income by 6.85% per mu, decrease the labour input by 6.87% per mu and raise the economic energy ratio by 18.75%. The analyses of sensitivity of the resources indicated that the farm land area and the amount and efficiency of potash fertilizer input, as well as labour resources can actively affect the optimal results. 

With the actual example of eco-agricutural programme model in Xiaozhang zhuang village, selection of a function of the model’s goal, definition of the variable of a decision, formation of the binding factors, evalnation of the model, and some other relevant issues about the eco-agricultural programme model are discussed in the paper. The construction of the eco-agricultural programme model in Xiaozhangzhuang village and the computer run results, as well as the measures for regulating structure are also presented.

In this paper, the energy resources and present situation of energy consumption in eco-agricultural systems at Xiao Zhang Zhuang village have been analyzed. The characteristics of exploitation and utilization of energy resources and their comp rensive economic benefits are studied. Linear programming model is used in the selection of the objective function, which is based on keeping people’s routine living standad, doubling the economic income and minimal amount of energy consumption, on the basis of protecting eco-environment and rational use of resources, the optimal planning structure of energy exploitation and utilization is designed.

In this paper, the model of two-stage fuzzy multifactorial evaluations was used to assess the regional ecological environment quality of Taicang village in Ma’an-shan city.some basic questions about the criteria system and the assessment standard in the study of regional ecological environment quality assessment were discussed. 

In this paper the experiments of the planting on water surface and fish cul-turing in Yidu and Dangyang are summed up and analysed. The results show that this cultural method has obviously economic and ecological benefits. It is a new culturing model with good developing prospect.

Nitrogen input and output in manure applications and grain yields from 1976 -1980 in Shuangbe No. 4 brigade are analysed and compared. The results show that the nitrogen consumption was higher than the nitrogen accumulation in the soil nitrogen balance ( -33.4%-+ 11.0% ), the ratio of organic manures and chemical fertilizers was obvious disorder (1.00:1.02) ; and the ratio of chemical fertilizer investment(unvaried price) in the total agrculture expenditures had increased by 2.5% every year. It is suggested that the nitrogen balance could be maintained by the plantation of green manure crops, proper application of manure and fertilizer and strengthening the nitrogen input into the farmland in the farmland eco-system, and so on. Only by raising the nitrogen utilization coefficient and the manure economic effect could the grain yield and farmer’s income be increased in the agricultural production. 

The principle on which the agro-ecosystem adjust-control is based has been studied in this paper, and based on the principle, analysis has been aiso conducted on the relevant cases from Shuiyi Production Brigade, Fengqiu County, Henan Province. 

Glass greenhouse is used to keep a high temperature environment in the study of biogas production system in Wulitang of Songjiag County, Shanghai. The experience of biogas production throughout year is introduced. It is suggested that biogass production throughout year can be realized by making full use of local sunlight resource and that the greenhouse temperature plays a key important role in the maintenance of normal biogass production throughout year.

The basic concept and main characteristics of eco-agriculture and foundamental principle of eco-agricttiture construction are systematically discussed in the paper. The eco-models which are suitable to the realities of specific regions of China, and the strateties for the development of eco-agriculture in China are proposed. 

A preliminary study has made on the effects of Cu and Zn on the degradation of butachlor in soil. The results showed that various concentrations of Cu or Zn tested would, in varying degrees, affect the degradation of the pesticide.

Wastes of some copper mines in south China generally discharge into the near farmlands and rivers directly or indirectly during their construction,production and development.Copper pollution caused by copper mines in the farmland is investigated.The results show that copper contents in topsoils are higher than that in subsoils.Soil pH is significantly negative correlated with copper contents . There are significant positive correlation between free iron oxides and copper contents in the soils and between available copper and total copper in the soils . The rice yield decreased as copper contents increased and there is a significant negative correlation between the rice yield and copper content in the soils.

Organic chlorine pesticide pollution in various kinds of grain which come from different areas of Suzhou, and the causes of contamination are analysed and studied in detail.The countermeasure for prevention of organic chlorine pollution is proposed in the paper. Residue and degradation of organic chlorine pesticide in soils are discussed. Uses and application method of organic chlorine pesticide are also described.

The Great Canal is the major water transport route, which plays an extremely important role in the economic development and people’s living in southern Jiangsu, but is heavily polluted in recent years. The situation of its application must be investigated before its pollution can be controlled.Based on the water monitoring data of the Great Canal in Southern Jiangsu from 1984 to 1987, the pollutant’ s three-dimentional characteristics in quantity, time and space are analysed. The principle of the fuzzy method is used to establish the experienced-possible distribution model in relative destruction at the function of water body. The harmful order of the selected ten pollutants in the Great Canal in southern Jiangsu is arrabged. The results show that water pollution in the Great Canal in southern Ji an gsu is mainly caused by organic pollutants. The characteristics of various pollutants in the Canal are also clarified. The study would be benefit to the management of the Great Canal in southern Jiangsu.