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Table of Content

Volume 6 Issue 3
10 August 1990
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PROTECTION FOR HUMAN’S LIVING ENVIRONMENT(III)
JIN Jian-Ming
1990, 6(3):  1-8. 
Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (708KB) ( 1161 )  
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THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPERIENCE OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE ISLAND AND LAOTIESHAN RESERVE IN DALIAN CITY, LIAONING PROVINCE
WANG Xian-Pu, YANG Ji-Sheng, YU Ya-Ping
1990, 6(3):  9-14. 
Abstract ( 839 )   PDF (523KB) ( 1344 )  
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Snak Island and Laotieshan reserve is composed of two partss Spake Island among Bohai Sea and Laotieshan region of Liaotung Peninsula. There are about 13000 pallas pit viper ( Agkistrodon halys)in Snake Island. Laotieshan region is one of main magratoy passageway of migrant in the continent of Northeastern Asia. There are about one mil lion birds of more 200 species, flying or stoping here for a rest. This paper deals with the basic characteristics and experience of effective management of this reserve and some suggestions of further establishing it. 
STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF ECO-AGRICULTURE IN HE - HENG VILLAGE, TAI COUNTY, JIANGSU PROVINCE.I.Reconstruction of the Ecological Farm in Heheng Village, Tai County, Jiangsu Province
LI Zheng-Fang, MIN Jia-Yu, WANG Qiu-Hua, ZHOU Jian-Lin, TAI Chong-Mei, TANG Wen-Kui, ZHANG Tai-Lin, DOU Hua-Tai
1990, 6(3):  15-18,24. 
Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (379KB) ( 1171 )  
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The reconstruction of Heheng ecological farm and its economic,ecological and social benefits were reported in this paper. The research results showed that the establishment of ecological farm in countryside could obtain the same benefits as in suburb areas.Although 20,000 Yuan was invested in the reconstruction of Heheng ecological farm,the sound recycling system was established.The total output value and the net profit of the reconstructed farm were increased by 2.68 and 8.74 times respectively than the original. The study also showed that the reconstruction of Heheng ecological farm could set a good example for the extension and construction of ecological agriculture in the rural areas of China. 
STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF EGO-AGRICULTURE IN HEHENG VILLAGE,TAI COUNTY,JIANGSU PROVINCE. Ⅱ.The Analysis on the Function of the Agroecosystem in Heheng Village, Tai County, Jiangsu Province
ZOU Guang-Yong, LUO Wei, ZHENG Long-Xiang, TANG Wen-Kui, HUANG Duo, WANG Yuan-Sheng, DING Chuan-Gui
1990, 6(3):  19-24. 
Abstract ( 512 )   PDF (438KB) ( 1166 )  
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This article applied the systematic analysis and Grey Theory, through the energy flow, the material flow and the capital flow, analysep the function characteristics of the agroecosystem in Heheng Village.The results demonstrated that owing to tse development of ecollogical agriculture, the function of the said agroecosystem has been entered the rational cycles . Total input-output energy ratio has been arrived above 2.5; nurture materials in the soil sub-system are also emerged surplus: N 1.76 kg/mu, P2O5 3.43 kg/mu, K2O 0.53 kg/mu; the economic benefit of each sub-system is also enhanced, the Grey Model tendency index of the benefits in agriculture, husbandry and fishing are -0.043, -0.214 and -0.251 respectively. According to ana lyses of complicated relation grade, the authors proposed the countermeasures of the agroecosystem in Heheng Village, in addition to basing on the atrengthening and improving the relevant measures of the ecological agriculture, it must be utilized the sun-light and warm resources fully, increased the input of agriculture, improved the quality of labor force, strengthened the obtain and utilization of the organic manure. 
TOWARD ECOAGRICULTURE-ORIENTED CROPPING SYSTEM
MA Cheng-Ze, CHEN Zhong-Zhen, JIANG Zong-Hao
1990, 6(3):  25-30. 
Abstract ( 563 )   PDF (481KB) ( 1055 )  
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In transformation from traditional cropping system into ecoagriculture cropping pattern characteristic of local colours, an administrative village among others from Anhui province was taken for the study as an example for that matter. The results thereof demonstrate that such a reform as is revolutionary change of ecoagriculture-oriented cropping system brings about successfully the advantageous readjustment of farming subsystem and the whole agricultural ecosystemas weii, thus adapting to local exsting circumstances and creating favourable factors to make rational use of natural resources. It follows that the improvement of ecological functions and the maintaining of ecological balance in modern standards are of course expected.In discussion, the authors make suggestions in regard to optimization of planting framewoik, which is open to argument.
ANALYSES OF THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ENERGY AND MATTER CONVERSIONS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SUBSYSTEM IN XIAOZHANGZHUANG VILLAGE, YINGSHAN COUNTY, ANHUIPROVINCE
XIE Xian-Zheng, WANG Ying, JIANG Zong-Hao, CHEN Zhong-Zhen
1990, 6(3):  31-36. 
Abstract ( 538 )   PDF (448KB) ( 972 )  
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The paper analyses the characteristics of animal husbandry subsystem in xiaozhangzhuang village during 1976-1987, and focuses on the characteristic of energy and matter conversions in the subsystem in 1987. It points out that the precent ecosystem in Xiaozhangzhuang village is stable but inefficient. In order to build it as a stable and efficient agroecosystem, we must start with animal husbandry subsystem, that is to sey, we must improve feed conversion rates of animals.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE ECO-AGRICULTURAL CONSTRUCTION AT PUTIAN VILLAGE IN WEITING TOWN, WU COUNTY OF JIANGSU PROVIVCE
GUO Wei-Jun, XU Yu
1990, 6(3):  37-41. 
Abstract ( 583 )   PDF (362KB) ( 1106 )  
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The successful experiences of Putian ecologic village in rearranging the industrial components, improving eco-environment of farmland, and increasing the benefits of and management through the reformaton of farm system were summarized in this paper. A complete chain of planting, breeding and edible fungi culturing have been formed, which links up the farming, animal husbandry, fishery and side-line production in the village. A composive and overall balanced ecological sysem have been realized. The effective way on rural eco-economic development in the agricultural district of Yang Cheng Lake is also discussed. 
ENERGY CONVERSION RATE OF HIGH-YIELDING PONDS CULTIVATED MAINLY WITH SILVER CARP, BIGHEAD CARP AND TILAPIA
YAO Hong-Lu
1990, 6(3):  42-46,41. 
Abstract ( 571 )   PDF (438KB) ( 946 )  
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The conversion rate of energy input and output in the high-yield ponds mainly cultivated with silver carp, bighead carp and Tilapia and its relations with pond conditions, fish yield and feed and fertilizer structure were studied.The results showed that the energy conversion rate and optimum fish production for the high-yield ponds were 15.93% and 13.54-14.53t/ha · a respectively, which were higher than other kinds of fish cultivation pattern, and that the energy cost was 30.12-45.32 GJ per ton fish, which was also lower than other kinds of fish cultivation pattern.
SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF RICE PRODUCTION IN ORGANIC-AND INORGANIC-BASED FARM SYSTEMS
WU Jian-Jun
1990, 6(3):  47-51. 
Abstract ( 558 )   PDF (421KB) ( 1409 )  
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Much attentien has been paid to sustainability of agroecoaystems because of negative effects of modern agricultural production on environment. Results of research and analysis on independence of rice production, long-term maintenance and enhancement of productivity, nutrient cycling and losses, maintenance and improvement of soil fertility, and economic returns showed that rice production in organic-based farm system was more sustainable than that of inorganic-based farm system.However, fertilizer input and crop yield in the system were still low. It is necessary to look for new sources of organic fertilizers to increase fertilizer input and crop yield to meet the demand of increasing population.lt is very important for the sustainabiiity of rice production in inorganic-based farm system to reduce N losses,its utilization and pollution to environment, apply other nutrients properly to maintain nutrient balance of paddy fields, and improve cultivation practices. More research on environmental effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers may be able i:o provide new evidence on sustainable agriculture. 
A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON AGROECOSYSTEMS AND AGRO-LANDSCAPES
WEN Da-Zhong
1990, 6(3):  52-55. 
Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (322KB) ( 1075 )  
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On the base of basic concepts of ecosystem and landscape ecology, the relationships between agroecosystems and agro-landscapes are discussed.In this paper the hierarchy characteristics of agroecosystems and agro-landscapes are introduced, the major hierachies of agroecosystems and agro-landscapes in China are reviewed, and the major similarities and differences between agroecosystem research and agro -landscape ecology research are compared. The emphasis on the combination of agroecosystem research and agro-landscape ecology research will further promote agro-ecology research.
ON BASIC CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOLATED ECO- LOGICAL RESIDENCE
XU Ting-Xi
1990, 6(3):  56-57,66. 
Abstract ( 673 )   PDF (226KB) ( 1197 )  
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Th isolated ecological residence,which is a new type of village and town residence,is discussed in this paper. It is designed and constructed based on the present state of social,economic, scientific and technological development in China. According to the principles of ecology and ecological balance, it combines human,living organisms and habitat environment into a benign recycling system. It is a product of the combination of ecology and architecture. It is also a comprehensive technique of interdisciplinary interconnection. 
STUDY ON PAPER PULPING WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY EICHHORNIA CRASSPES AND ALTERNANTHERA PHIOXENOIDES
CAO Yong, SHI Qi, DONG Feng-Qing
1990, 6(3):  58-61. 
Abstract ( 732 )   PDF (283KB) ( 978 )  
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The purificating capabilities of Eichhornia crasspes and Alternanthera phioxenoidcs in wastewater treatment of paper pulping were studied. The experimental results showed that these two aquatic plants can decrease CODcr quite efficiently and increase DO of the wastewater. However, they are not suitable to use to remove the colour and iignin from the wastewater.In additinn,they are very sensitive to suifide in the wastewater. 
EFFECTS OF HERBICIDE ON THE MICROBIAL ACTIVITY, NITRIFICATION AND AMMONIFICATION IN SOILS
ZHANG Ai-Yun, CAI Dao-Ji
1990, 6(3):  62-66. 
Abstract ( 794 )   PDF (372KB) ( 1178 )  
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Effects of five herbicides on the microbial activity, nitrification and animo-nification in two soils were studied.The results showed that the herbicides had little effects on soil microbial activity when normal amounts were applied in the soils, if there was any effect, it was temporal and would recover very soon. The results also showed that when the concentration of herbicides in soils was 1000 ppm, soil nitrification rate was inhibited but soil ammonification rate was stimulated in certain levels.The results will be valuable for selecting suitable herbicides as soil nitrificatron inhibitors, producing new fertilizer and herbicide mixture, increasing the efficiencies of fertilizers, decreasing the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and controlling the pollution. 
EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE ON MULBERRY ECOSYSTEM IN HAI’AN COUNTY, JIANGSU PROVINCE
WANG Yu-Ping
1990, 6(3):  67-70. 
Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (307KB) ( 1170 )  
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Methods for monitoring the pathways of fluoride cycle in the mulberry ecosystem were introduced. The results of recently several years research on the fluoride pollution in the mulberry ecosystem were reported.The relationships between fluoride concentrations in the air and mulberry leaves, and between fluoride concentrations in the mulberry leeves and silkworm cocoon production were studied. The effects of fluorides on the growth, development of silkworn and the quality of cocoon silk, and the pathways of fluoride cycle in the mulberry ecosystem were descussed. The effective ways for prevention and management of fluoride emission were proposed. 
AN APPROACH TO THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF BHC AND DDT IN SOILS
YAO Jian-Ren, JIAO Shu-Zhen, ZHENG Yong-He, QIAN Yi-Xin, ZHAO Fu-Zhen, HUANG Hong-Ying
1990, 6(3):  71-75. 
Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (352KB) ( 1000 )  
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The maximum allowable concentrations of BHC and DDT in soils were assessed in this study. Based on amounts and rates of BHC and DDT absorbed by crops and residues in soils, water and air, the maximum allowable concentrations for BHC and DDT in soils of China should be set at 0.4 and 0.5 ppm. These values are appropriate to the codition of China.