The habitat and that below formulate the most important environmntal criteria for agricultural production and are strongly affected by the environmental conditions in larger scale. According to the stratification of ecological relations in theory and practice of ecology in Yuanshuan County of Hunan Province, it is necessary to control the ecological environment in more extensive range for obtaining a stable and high yield. The author analysed the frequency, distributom and developmental tendency of main natural calamities with data over the last 27 years. The results showed that the economic loss from natural disasters could be expressed in an exponential curve which indicated the obvlons degradation of the quality of agro-ecological environment. A system of preventing and reducing natural disasters has been suggested based on the protective forest systems. A holistic system with forests of windbreak, farmland shelter-break, watershed, soil conservation and timber forests etc.was proposed The direct economic benefits of that system was forcasted in the last part cf this paper.

The pyrite mine in Yun-fu couaty of Guangdong province has become the largest one in China now. The deveopment of this mine affected a land area of nearly 9 km2 causing serious soil and water losses. At the same time it brought to the surroundings a large number of pollutants which polluted In different degrees the ecological environment of the lower reachs.Such element as Fe,Mn,Pb,As.Cd etc.in the acid Water discharged from the mine Were the major pollutants to the cropland environment. The concentrations of these elements at the outlet of GaO-feng river Were 25.0, 5.52, 0.17, 0.038, and 0.014 ppm respectively,the pH value Was 4.21.The effect of the acid Water on rice growth Was essential in evaluating the influences the mine may made to the cropland ecological environment. Through investigations of the current situation, pot experiments, and earth-pillar and acid Capacity lests, the soil/environmental capacity has been determined. The results of conlprehansive analysis indicated lhat mine development would not cause great effect to the cropland ecological environment if soil and Water loss would be controlled and the land could be kept away from the flooding water. The expenses of waste water treatment which amounts about 2000, 000 yuan per year may be saved if the environmental capacity of soil could be utilized. 

A discussion of practical teshnologies of utilizing fibrous residues of aEricultural products in small farming households has been carried out in order to determine a multi-dimensional usage of that materials suitable for these farming systems.Some recinmendations regarding the utilization of fibrous residues for the medium and small livstock raising farms have been proposed to promote an integrated farming system.The development of utilization of fibrous residues of aaricultual proucts for small farms could lead to higher farming integration, more efficient use of farm resources and a better living stadard for the farmers. Three feature for shighly effective utrlization were’1.proper utlization of fibrous residues usually connected with many farming activities;. 2. efficient uitlization of fibrous residues improved the efficiency of farm resources utilization. 3. when residues were properly and efficiently utilized, More farming activities could he combined with the production systems. 

Saccharomyces C59. when added with 1% of carbon, its contents of BOD, COD and the total amount of nitrogen in the organic waste water from silkworm chrysalis could be reduced. The reduction rates were 56.1%,44.0% and 46.1% respectively. And then the Sacchaomyces C59 could be comprehensively utilized. The ferment filtrate could be discharged harmlessly if it was further managed with ecosystem engineering, nade up of plants, microbes, lower animals and artificial roots so that the economic, ecological and social benefits would be well integrated.

Many scientists have paid great attention to the internal carcinogens for the last ten years. The typical examples of the predecessors of N-nitro compounds were nitrate and nitrite.lt has been confirmed by animal experiments that nitrate and nitrite,when absorbed by the human body from food, may result in a higher morbidity rate of cancers.In this study,Yangzhoag county, where the mortality rate of esophageal cancer were as high as 2.84‰,has been taken as a rest area,and Nanjing city as a check.’Nitrate and nitrite contents in several kinds of foods (including vegetables, grains, meat, fish drinking water etc.) were measured from the view point of food composition and the Value of the contents was compared with that of ADI stipulated by WHO/PAD. The results showed that the average NO^-₃, amount absorbed by human body in a season time in Yanzhong was 2.1-2.4 times more than the standard Value, and 1.63-1.67 times higher than in Nanjing. More than 9% of nitrate absorbed, came chiefly from fresh vegetables, 2-14% from pickles, 1-3>% from grain and meat as were as from drinking water. Moreover, among different vegetables, leaf vegetables contained the highest contents of nitrate, eggplant and fruit Vegetables contained the lowest. During winter and spring, when leaf Vegetables were prevalent in market, more nitrate was liable to be absorbed. The evaluation of food compositions,screening Vegetables with lower nitrate content, and to improve diet of people would be important measures lo decrease the morbidity rate of cancers.

The anaerobic fermentation-alage method, which selects a strongly aoid-resistant anaerobic methanobacterium and a strongly base-resistant Spirulina and Oscillatoria,respectively,treads the organic sewage containing COD_cr 50000 mg/l conceniration with using speeial anaerobic bacteria digestor and alage purifier and technology. It has measered COD_cr300 mg/l approximately with the drain away water. As the drain away water was treaded by alage purifying pool further, however, it is conforming to the law of sewage-draining. The purifying effect of Spirulina in anaerobic fermentation-alage method is comparable with the same-kindly patent in Japan.Using the anaerobic fermentation-alage method treads high-concentration organic sewage, either the methane for biological energy or the Spirulina containing about 60% protein for fine feed could be gained. This method will open a new route for in Zymurgy, food, medicine and so on for Comprehensive governing and utilizing the industrily sewage in our country. 

Ecological agriculture is a new type agriculture, it develops very quickly in our country . Establishment of. eco-agriculture has beeme a very useful direction for Chinese agriculture development. Establishment of ecological agriculture in our country has now entered a stage of ecological design. According to the principles of ecology and ecolomics in this paper presents a relatively complete concept and some basics contents of the ecological design of eco-agriculture.

All nature conservation Workers over the World show great concern about the achievement of rapid results in improving vicious natural environment and rehabilitate favorable ecological cirulaion in agriculture so as to accomplish the target of a swift development of production and a speedy shift from poverty to Wealth. Jian Ping County’s practice in improving dry and Sandy land has proved that the ecological construction With conservation of Water and soil as key work) the plantation of trees and grass as key project, a combination of engineering measures with biological methods, and the improvement of mountainous villages, fields and roads in a comprehesive Way Was a successful pattern to obtain integrated bene-fits in the field of economics social and environment. 

The comprehensive utilization of River Pei, Shi, and Hang, the three-river area, in Anhui Province was a waster conservancy project including irrigation, electrity navigation and cultivation etc. It was an artificial ecological system, but Some ecological disasters occured in that place currently. Besides [adopting the policy of general help to the people there, the local government should also make ecological compensation such as afforestation in the mountainous districts.The funds for ecological compensation could be made from the charges from water conservation for irrigation, from protection of water resources and generation of electricity from the reservoirs, and from exploitation of water resources for industry and living. The funds could also come from the charges for flood protection, from Water and soil conservation extended by the state and from the money delivered to the old revolutionary bases as subsidy and also from the exoloitation of other resources in the mountainous districts.The distribution of the funds for ecological compensation should be closely connected with the conditions of forest management, adopting the policy of providing work as a form of relief and aconomic contracts to bring full play of the initiation of the people in planting and protecting forests, so as to keep high level of ecological balance. 

The problems of agricultural ecological environment of Zhejiang Province, such as shortage of resources, heavy environmental destructions, pollution and so on have been discussed in detail. Some strategies were proposed for creating and maintaining favorable environment of agricultural ecolgy in Zhejiag province to realize the balance of ecological economics.

The contents, measures and purposes of optimization of the ecological environment for animal proudction were reviewed in this paper.Optimization of biotic and abiotic environmental factors were involved,but that of the abiotic should have the first priority. Optimization of abiotic environmental factors included the microclimate, full application of morden scientific and technological achievements and improvement of management to increase the productivity of animal-poultry.As for the biotic factors, the utilization of genetic predom inance of animals and poultry and the control of diseases Were of great importance.Some waste materials produced in the animal production may become environmental pollutants, so proper treatment techniques of the waste materials should be taken as a part of optimization of the ecological environment in animal production. Pathogenes would be eliminated and clean energy and high-quality fertilizer could be obtained when the waste materials was used to produce bio-gas. That was an important tendency of Organic waste treatment at present.The purposes of optimization of the ’ecological environment in animal production are to increase the output and to raise the quality of animal-poultry production so as to meet the people’ s needs of agricultural products.

Presently, the statistical methods are often used to delete abnormal Values in the environmental data manipulation. The majority of raw environmental data are those of the microcomponents obtained in the environment monitoring. According to the present knowledge, the frequency distribution of a microcompo-nent concentration in the environment is most likely to be log-normal or extreme positive skew distribution instead of a normal distribution. However, the statistical methods usually used to delete abnormal values are designed for the samples with normal distribution. Consequently, the use of these statistical methods often tead to an accuracy reduction of the data because of the unreasonable deletion of the high values in the sample. Using some examples for the microcomponeuts in the soil, this article revealed how the usually used GRUBBS method had brought a distortron to those examples. This artical also showed that the test of normality could be used to diminish or to avoid such distortion. 

Xilinggele grassland nature reservation area is the first nature reservation area for grassland in China. It was set up in 1985. The reservation area is situated at 43’ 26’-44’ 39’ N and 115°32’-117° 12’E. The total area is about 10, 786 km².This area belongs to the innermongolia plateau with an elevation over 1000 m. It belongs to the temperate zone with an annual temperature of -0.4°-2℃,annual precipitation of 320.5 - 448.9 mm among which 60-80%concentrates from June to August.The zonal soil is the chestnut and is verticall’y replaced by moun’ainous cherozem. The major vegetaion is the typical steppe type dominated by Aneurolepidoum Chinese, Stipa grandis and Artemisia spp. At the highesd attitude, the major vegetation is substituted by meadow-steppe. There are 625 species of flowering plants belonging to 74 families and 291 genera. The wild animal, such as rodent, grasshopper, monolia gazelle, fox, snake and tark etc. have the same characteristics of steppe.The problem of the nature reservation area is mainly management of natural resources. The area could be divided into five regions: central reservation area, isolated area, science experimental area, tour area and production experimental area.