Shucture,functions and effects of agroebosys tem were studied quantitatively for an united production unit of several households. Energy analysis and nutrient cycling estimates showed an encouraging effect of food processing subsystem on animal husbandry and food-grain production with a sustained increase of soil fertility. System input was predominantly from bioenergy,rather than from fossil-fuel source. The unity of economic, social and ecological effects’indicated the advantage of the human-manipulated agroecosystem with crops,livestocks and food-processing as 3 subsystems. 

This paper discussed the problems of setting a criteria system for evaluating the environmental conditions of the grassland. The principles which the study should comply with and the methods fo designing the structure of a Criteria system for evaluating the grassland environmental conditions have been discussed.The author put forward some methematical models and data-base for the study.Furthermore, a concrete design of a Criteria system for evaluating the environmental conditions for Inner Mongolia grassland has been proposed.

In this paper, the agro-ecological characteristics and ameliorating measures of the low-lying land along the Yellow River back have been analysed by interpretation of aerial color infrared image and On-site investigation. The results showed;1. The ecological characteristics of this area Were highly moist and salt-affected. Side permeability of the water of Yellow River and light texture of the soil account for these characteristics. A regression model of the width of the land (Y ) , the height difference between the front and back sides (X1 ) and the distance of the main stream to the embankment(X2)waS formed: Y=0.49X1-0.46X2+0.1 (X1 >0,X2>0).2. The agro-ecological system of "improving the soil with silt and Water from the Yellow River-dry and wet rotation of the farmland" should be the suitable pattern of that area.3. The verious types of land Utilization and the degree of suitability in that district could be analyzed by intepretation of aerial color infrared image and the symbol of its veins combined with the cropping system, types of soil and other related subjects. 

Field experiment were arranged under standardized conditions to study the differentiation of soil features Under rice-wheat double Cropping and rice-rice-wheat triple Cropping systems. The results showed that Under triple cropping systems, the content of soil organic matter, whole nitrogen and available phosphorushad a increasing trend compared with double cropping, but the content of active potassium and soil oxidization -reduction potential reflected the opposite trend. In addition, to some extent, the increase of soil organic matter accelerated this ditferentiat trend. If heavy machines Were not Used in cultivation, the soil physical properties under triple cropping did not prove to be substantially worse than those Under double ’cropping. 

The sericulture ecosystem of Hang-Jia-Hu district in Zhejiang Province, the most important district of silk production in that province, is now seriously polluted by fluoride since 1982. Based on our work several years ago,we recognized that the pollution source was the widely distributed brickkilns and suggested that the atmospheric fluoride concentration should be below 1.2μg/dm²·d in silkworm keeping areas and fluoride Concentration in mulberry leaves should not exceed 30 mg/kg- the safe concentration criteria for spring: silkworm.Four questions were discussed in this paper: the general idea, the control of fluoride pollution, the environmental standard of fluoride concentration, the phases of fluoride in brickkilns exbaust gas. A specific fluoride concentration standard should be defined in the silkworm keeping areas.

The article precents briefly the initial results about the application the method of the material input -output balance and analysis to dissecting: a town-run ’radio material factory pollution origins, there by proving the method is some enitable for the courses of the management and control of the countryside-run industrial pollution origins, and there are larger guiding significance. 

Nature reservation areas are fundamental to the development of agriculture and tourism in Hainan Island. A natnre reservation network there has been established. Now, the key links are to strengthen their effective management and to make full utilization of their mutli-functional roles in order to meet the urgent need of the vigorous development of economic construction.

A great deal of Work on the coastal ecosystems reservation and management has been carried out in Jiangsu Province.For example, in 1980, the Jiangsu Province Science and Technlogy Commission organized 1500 Scientists and technicians from more than 70 units to take part in the comprehensive investigation and research work in the coastal areas of Jiangsu Proviuce for four years. More than 20 experimental sites for exploitation and utilization of the nature resources of that region have been set up according to the principle of integreting investigation, planning and experimentation. A nature reservation area for rare birds Was established in the beach region of Yanchen city in 1983, the object was red-crowned cranes, which Were listed in the ( Red Book ) compiled for recording rare speeies by the UN Foundation of wild animals protection. A reservation area for Dauid’s deer, which was one of the rarest wild animals in the world, was set up in Dafeng county in 1985. By the end of the same year, the "Jiangsu Provincial Regulations on Coastal Zone Management "was promulgated, and a government organization for comprehensive management of the coastal zone was also founded. It should be mentioned that the "Regulation" was the first one in China. Recently, a research project on rational eco-econmic model for exploiting the coastal zone was being carried out in order to provide optimum policy-making schemes and implementing methods for the comprehensive management organizations.

In this paper, the definition, funtcions and characteristics of wetland were discussed. The main types and distribution of wetlands in China were described. Moreover, the strategy for wetland ecosystem management and its evaluation were stressed. 

This paped showed that separate management Could not produce beneficial circulation for the process of the production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery in the past 30 years. Ecological agriculture proved to be the only Way to moke farmers rich and for the development of agro-forestry.Multi-dimensional management is the specific production mode and measure to realize ecological agricuture. It includes; the multi-dimensional Structure disposition of forest or farmland, management of that structure and for different climatic layers. The facts Occured in the lower basin area of Jiangsu Province and Maoer-shan experimental forest farm of Northeast Forestry Univessity in Helongjiang Province were two successful exemples.Strengthening the agro-forestry ecological research and the necessity and urgency of ecological construction, the chief research programs and the rational manipulation for complex eco-economic system were explained in the second part of this paper.

On the basis of expounding and analysing, the characteristics of agroecosystem on outskirts of Nanjing Municipality and its problems occured, three countermeasUreS were put forward in this paper in connection With how to build stable and sustainable agroecpsystems With high efficiency in outskirt areas applying the concepts and principles of ecology. The pratical measures are as follows:1. Building up various patterns and scales of ecological farms in accordance with local conditions, including natural and social conditions, to Meet the needs of economic development and people life of the urban districts and the outskirts.2. Making Use of land resources in-the ways, called three-dimension utilization, which may utilize the different spaces over and below the ground, and improve the soil quality.3. Bringing the Utilization of organic Wastes from the Urban districts into the orbit of :the development of agroecosystem on the outskirt areas. 

The exploitation of rural household-based economy plays important roles both in improving ecological environment and in raising the output of the economic systems. In this paper, we expounded, based on the view point of ecological economy and the principles of ecological engineering and integrated With the typical patterns of ecological-economic systems in the rural household-based economy of Fuyang Districts of Anwei Province, the significance and potential of the exploitation of such economy. A summing-up and introduction of the different models of ecological engineering used in the rural household-based ecomony exploitation and utilization, based on the symbiotic principles, substance cycling and regeneration principles, life-environment adaptation principles and optimization methods of system engineering were also made in this experiment. Measures have been investigated so that the cropping, forestry,animal husbandry, sideline occupations,fishery, rural industry, commerecial, constryction, transportation, services could be mutually promoted and the output of rural household-based ecological economic system highly raised by using fully the resoures and simultaneously protecting the ecological environment. This experiment, as a whole, is also useful to promote the readjusting of the rural production structure and to exploit andutilize the rural household economy. 

The characteristics and causes of pollution from rural enterprises in Shanxi Province were investigated and studied. Some control strategies were suggested on the basis of the research.

Romania has firm basis of ecological agriculture. First, the adequate proportion of land used in cropping, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline occupations, and fishery ( 15: 10: T : 1: 1 ) makes the country a balanced ecology and coordinate economics in structure and pattern of land resouce utilization. Secondly stress on developing comprehensive agricutlure and commercial business has been made in accordance with natural economic regulations to get good benefit in every respect. Thirdly,the government of the country pays attention to the development of the theory of ecological agriculture,such as the wide extension of crop rotation, use of organic fertilizers on cropland, breeding of plant and animal species adaptable to the local environment. In Romania, natural energy resources have been explored and many beautiful rural residential districts hare been costructed. In addition, agricultural institutes and their subordinate experimental stations are extended every -where in the country, all of them are combinations of research and production.

This paper reported Gas Chromatographic procedure for. separating, and determining 12 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Water, soil, rice, beverage and vegetables. The detector FPD Was equipped with 526 nm filter. A glass column (φ>3.2mm×2.1m) filled with statiaary phase OV-17 1.5%+QF-1 1098% coated onchromasorb W.AW.DMCS with 80-100 meshes was used. A two-step temperature prpgram, of column Was conducted. This model offered excellent presicion and high sensitivity. Typical MDQ. ranged from 10^-12 to 10^-13 g, resolution ranged from 0..8 to 3.5.A method of simultansously extracting 12 OP pesticide residues from any sample of Water, soil, rice, beverage or vegetable Was also introduced. Average recoveries were greater than 90% and sensitivities over 0.020 ppm. This method proved to be quick and economical.