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Table of Content

Volume 39 Issue 4
25 April 2023
Risk Identification and Analysis of National Wetland Park Public-private Partnership Project Based on Grey Correlation Model
QIN Tao, SONG Rui, JIN Cheng-zhuo
2023, 39(4):  429-435.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0006
Abstract ( 225 )   HTML ( 103)   PDF (874KB) ( 123 )  
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The National Wetland Park operating PPP mode can effectively solve the financing dilemma of ecological product supply and improve the management efficiency of the project. However, there are many participants and links in the PPP projects of the National Wetland Park, which inevitably faces many risks during the implementation process. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and analyze the risks of the projects to determine the key risks, take corresponding measurements to prevent and respond. In this paper, the specific forms of risks are identified by checklist method, and the risks of PPP projects are defined as political risk, macroeconomic risk, legal risk, market risk, financing risk, design and construction risk, operational risk, handover risk, project company risk and natural risk. According to the results of 132 questionnaires, the paper formed the risk factor evaluation of the National Wetland Park PPP project. Based on the four indicators of risk occurrence probability, risk loss size, post-risk treatment efficiency and risk management experience, the improved grey correlation model was used to quantify the risk factors. The research shows that the PPP project of the National Wetland Park faces eight key risks: government default, delay in obtaining financial subsidies, lacking of project experience, defects in construction design, substandard construction technology, high financing cost, imperfect legal mechanism and imperfect management methods. It should establish a communication and consultation mechanism, improve the overall strength of the company, innovate financing channels and improve supporting legal policies.
Study on the Coupling Coordination of Socio-economic and Ecological Environment under the Background of Land Use Transition: A Case Study of the Cities Along the Yangtze River
ZHANG Bing, LI Yang-bing, XIA Chun-hua, ZENG Chen-cen
2023, 39(4):  436-449.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0672
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The Yangtze River Economic Belt is in an important strategic position in China's economic development and ecological civilization construction, and the coordination of its ecology and economy is of great significance to the sustainable development of the region and even the whole country. This paper explores the change of the coupling coordination relationship between socio-economic and ecological environment in the cities along the Yangtze River from 1990 to 2020, and the relationship between the coupling coordination and land use transition by using ArcGIS 10.2 software and by constructing the index system, based on the coupling coordination degree model and the recessive land use function index. The results show that these cities showed obvious trend of land use transition, especially in the lower reaches of the river, which was characterized by sharp decrease of cultivated land and sharp increase of construction land. The recessive land use function index of these cities shows a "U" pattern. The degree of coupling and coordination of socio-economic and ecological environment in these cities is on the rise, and the number of cities in a state of imbalance is fluctuating down. At the beginning of the period studied, the coupling coordination degree was positively correlated with the proportion of land type with ecological function, and negatively correlated with the proportion of land type with economic function. The cities can be divided into five types according to the increase or decrease of the indexes. The largest number of cities is the negative-positive correlation type, mainly the downstream cities, which is consistent with the overall trend of the river basin. The regional type is mainly dominated by the more developed cities. For the healthy development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, it is necessary to adjust the industrial structure, optimize the pattern of land use and strengthen the connection between the two ends of the basin, so as to make the joint promotion of ecological environment and socio-economic for the improvement of the living environment and the well-being of the residents in the region.
Research on Spatial Differences of Agricultural Emergy Input-output Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
DONG Xiao-cui, LIU Hong-guang
2023, 39(4):  450-458.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0804
Abstract ( 125 )   HTML ( 10)   PDF (1092KB) ( 190 )  
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In this paper, emergy analysis method is used to calculate the input and output items of five types of agricultural land in the agricultural system of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019, including cultivated land, garden land, forest land, pasture grassland, and aquaculture water surface. An agricultural emergy efficiency evaluation index system was constructed for in-depth research on the emergy structure and efficiency of agricultural input and output in this region. The influencing factors of agricultural production activities and the contribution of each factor were analyzed through the LMDI decomposition model. The results show that from 2010 to 2019, the total input and output emergy of the agricultural system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased, and the net emergy yield rate continued to decline. The agricultural input-output efficiencies of the 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are quite different. Except for Shanghai, the total input-output emergy values of other 10 provinces were all increased with various degrees. The net emergy yield rate of agricultural system in most provinces had been declined, and the overall distribution pattern of the net emergy yield rate is high in the east and low in the west. The changes in the comprehensive index of sustainable agricultural utilization in different provinces and cities are different. In general, the overall sustainability of the agricultural system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been deteriorating. The factor that has the greatest impact on the sustainable development of agriculture in the 10 years from 2010 to 2019 is the effect of the input structure. Therefore, the primary measure for achieving sustainable development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, is to adjust the agricultural input structure.
Research on Evaluation and Advancement Strategy of Water Resources Carrying Capacity of Towns in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River
WANG Peng-long, SONG Xiao-yu, LIU Chen-wei, WANG Qin-hua, WANG Bao
2023, 39(4):  459-468.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0115
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Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is the basis for the development of townships in inland river basin. To meet the needs of sustainable utilization of water resources in township construction and based on the understanding of WRCC conception, this study established a series of evaluation system for WRCC in township level. Comprehensive WRCC evaluation was carried out in the middle reaches of Heihe River. Key advancement strategies were analyzed by using multi-source data such as statistic, remote sensing or survey data by combing regulation metrics and comprehensive index. The results show that: (1) There were significant differences in water stress index and comprehensive index between different types of irrigated areas and between different types of townships, indicating that it is necessary to implement advancement strategies to improve the WRCC in key areas; (2) At the current annual development level, water right allocation, high-standard farmland, and industrial structure adjustment can improve the WRCC in townships to some extent. Except for the output value mode, all modes can basically improve the comprehensive carrying capacity by 0.01%-1.87%. Importantly, the high-standard farmland and industrial structure adjustment can effectively increase the comprehensive carrying capacity by 1.91%-8.72% and 0.11%-3.06%, respectively.
Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Factors of Soil Erosion in the Yimeng Mountainous Area
HUANG Xin, CHEN Hong, XU Xiao-ren, TANG Xiao-qian, XIAO Xin, CHEN Shi-yong, MEI Da-wei, WANG Liang
2023, 39(4):  469-479.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0466
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The rocky areas of northern China are among the most risky areas for soil erosion in China. The research on the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion in these areas is of great significance to soil and water conservation planning and ecological environment construction. Based on GIS and RS technology, and by using the RUSLE model, this study takes the Yimeng Mountainous Area-a typical rocky area in northern China as the research area, to calculate the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion in this area from 2000 to 2018. Through combining the data of topography, slope, altitude, vegetation, land, and rainfall, Geodetector was used to conduct quantitative attribution research on soil erosion. The results show that:(1) The average soil erosion modulus for the five periods were 5 129.01, 6 661.76, 6 344.00, 3 493.23, and 5 669.03 t·km-2·a-1, respectively, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018. The tendency was to increase at first and then decrease, and the conversion mode was mainly conversion of high-grade to low-grade, indicating that the soil erosion of Yimeng Mountainous Area had been improved. (2) The soil erosion in the west and north of the study area was more severe, and the soil erosion intensities were mainly serious and above grades, while the areas with erosion intensity of less than serious grades were mainly located in the southwest and the central-east. (3) The explanatory ability of the driving factors was different in each period, and land-use type played the most prominent role, with its quantitative attribution to soil erosion ranging from 42.52% to 66.84%. The areas with the land-use type as grassland, with the topography as middle relief mountains, with the slope between 15°-20°, and with the vegetation coverage between 0.4-0.6, are the key parts for soil erosion control in the Yimeng Mountainous Area.
Soil Fertility Health and Peanut Yield in Upland Red Soils under Long-term Continuous Application of Pig Manure
SI Shao-cheng, TU Chen, WU Yu-cheng, LI Yuan, LUO Yong-ming
2023, 39(4):  480-487.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0084
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Soil fertility health is a hot topic in the study of soil health and crop productivity in cultivated land. This study focused on the effects of long-term application of pig manure on soil fertility health indicators, including soil acidity, organic matter and major nutrients. The study was conducted based on a 23-year long-term fertilization experiment (1996-2019) of upland red soil-peanut crop system at the Yingtan Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. To analyze the soil fertility constraints, radar plots were used, and the Soil Health Index-Area (SHI-Area) method was employed to evaluate soil health based on soil fertility parameters. The feasibility of the soil fertility health index was further validated by analyzing the data on peanut yields in the 23rd year. The study's findings revealed that the application of pig manure resulted in a significant reduction in soil exchangeable acidity when compared to chemical fertilization. Additionally, the application of pig manure increased the soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrient contents, ultimately elevating the overall soil health index from 0.70 to 1.20. Furthermore, the study show that the total biomass of peanut plants and the yield of peanut kernels in the plots treated with pig manure were 1.8 and 1.3 times higher, respectively, compared to those treated with chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that the long-term application of pig manure is a highly effective method to alleviate the limiting factors of high acidity, low nutrients, and low fertility in upland red soil. This approach leads to a significant improvement in soil fertility and crop yield.
Coupling Characteristics of Bird Species Diversity and Habitats in Beihai Wetland, Tengchong, Yunnan Province
MU Zhen, ZHANG Wei, CUI Ning, WEN Yi, ZHANG Yu, SHAO Hua, ZHANG Yan-liang, WANG Dan, ZHANG Chao, CHENG Gong, DAI Rong, FENG Jin-chao
2023, 39(4):  488-495.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0086
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Beihai Wetland is an important habitat stopping place on the Central Asia-India and East Asia-Australia routes of global migratory birds, and is one of the first announced 33 national key wetlands of China. Bird species inventory of Beihai Wetland is sorted out by using the method of sample line and sample point, combined with the field investigation records of bird watching websites and Beihai Wetland Management Institute. The results show that, in total, 188 bird species were recorded in Beihai Wetland. These birds belong to 17 orders, 54 families and 125 genera. Most species (110 species) belong to Passeriformes (accounting for 58.51% of the total). There are 47 waterbirds, accounting for 25% of the total bird species. 31 bird species are in the List of State Key Protected Wild Animal Species. The value of G-F index of bird biodiversity in Beihai Wetland is 0.825, indicating that the species richness is at a high level. The results of AFR show that species similarity in the adjacent habitats is high and the distribution of bird species presents a certain natural transition phenomenon. The bird species richness in Beihai Wetland is high and the resources of rare and endangered bird species are rich, owing to the superior geographical location, diverse habitat types, high spatial heterogeneity and rich bird food sources, which is in line with the patch-corridor-matrix model in landscape ecology. Rich bird biodiversity also promotes the functional health and stability of Beihai Wetland ecosystem. Bird biodiversity and habitats in Beihai Wetland are playing a coupling relationship of mutual maintenance. The present study verified the significance of small wetland to bird biodiversity protection. It can provide important reference for the planning, management and development of wetlands.
The Research on Diversity of Birds in Dongtai, Jiangsu
SI Qin, ZHAO Xiao, CHEN Hui, YE Peng-cheng, WU Jian-yong
2023, 39(4):  496-503.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0693
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In order to fully understand the current situation of bird resources in Dongtai, eight field surveys were conducted in the study area from December 2018 to November 2019. The results show that there were 180 species of birds, belonging to 14 orders and 46 families. Among them, 80 species (44.44%) are palaearctic birds, dominating the birds' distribution pattern. 134 species (74.44%) are residents, winter migratory and summer migratory. 5 species (Ciconia boyciana, Platalea minor, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Tringa guttifer, Saundersilarus saundersi) are listed in the first category, and 22 species are listed in the second category of the nationally protected wildlife species in China. One species is classified as critically endangered (CR), 3 species as endangered (EN), 2 species as vulnerable (VU) and 5 species as near threatened (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Most of the IUCN listed key protected wildlife species and the highly endangered species in the study area were found in coastal tidal flats habitats, which means that the coastal tidal flats habitats in the study area should have priority in protection. The related suggestions are put forward for protecting the birds habitats, such as the construction of artificial tidal ditches and offshore shallow ponds, the maintenance of the key bare beach, and the formulation of long-term monitoring scheme. The findings of this research can provide basic data for the management of Tiaozini Wetland and for birds monitoring in Dongtai.
Effects of Three Different Herbicide-resistant Transgenic Soybeans on Arthropod Diversity in Field
YANG Xiao-ran, LIU Jing, YAO Shu-jun, SHEN Wen-jing, GUO Hui, LIU Biao, XUE Kun
2023, 39(4):  504-510.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0233
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The effect of transgenic soybean on arthropod biodiversity in the field is an important part of biosafety assessment. Arthropods in the fields of three transgenic soybean varieties and their non-GM counterparts were investigated with direct observation, and the functional groups in the arthropod communities, richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and dominant concentration index were analyzed, and the differences were then compared. The results show that although the trends of those indexes of different transgenic varieties and their counterparts were slightly different, but there were no significant differences in the above indexes between transgenic soybean and the control. The dynamics of various indexes of arthropods in GM soybean fields and its non-GM control showed similar tendencies over time. It was suggested that GM soybean had no significant effects on arthropods in the fields, which provides data to support the biosafety assessment of transgenic soybeans.
Response between the Community Structure of Soil Mites and Environmental Factors on the Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in the Shibing Karst Heritage Property, China
ZHOU Yuan-yuan, CHEN Hu, WEI Qiang, YIN Xiu-mei, LIU Wen-jun
2023, 39(4):  511-522.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0176
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The evergreen broad-leaved forest represents the pinnacle stage of vegetation succession within the dolomite karst mountain forest ecosystem in the Shibing Karst World Natural Heritage Property. To characterize the soil mite community in this forest type, soil mites were collected and identified from three distinct vegetation types in the Heritage Property in September 2021. The community structure of the soil mites was analyzed using several parameters, including the number of genera, number of individuals, community diversity, and ecological indices of Mesostigmata and Oribatida. Additionally, the relationship between the soil mite community and environmental factors was investigated. A total of 1 563 soil mites were captured, comprising 91 genera in 55 families of 3 orders, with Perscheloribates identified as the dominant taxon. Dominant and common taxa constituted the fundamental components of soil mites in the evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems, with the rare taxa contributing primarily to the increase in mite genera. Spatial analysis of soil mite community structure and diversity revealed the following pattern: EBF1 > EBF2 > EBF3 in the horizontal direction and humic layer > upper soil layer > lower soil layer in the vertical direction. Moreover, the community distribution displayed evident surface aggregation characteristics. Quantitative analysis of community similarity, based on the number of mite genera, demonstrates that soil mite communities between vegetation types exhibited moderate or highly similar levels, directly associated with the presence of rare taxa. Ecological taxa analysis of Oribatid mites predominantly featured the O-type Poronota group, while Mesostigmata ecological taxa were primarily characterized by the r selective type. Correlation analysis indicate that the evenness index is significantly negatively correlated with soil total phosphorus and positively correlated with soil pH. Soil porosity, soil water content, and soil organic matter all exhibited significant positive correlations (P<0.05) with each parameter of the soil mite community, except for the evenness index. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that, excluding rare taxa, the composition of soil mite communities varied considerably among vegetation types, with soil organic matter serving as the primary environmental factor significantly impacting the distribution of soil mite communities (P<0.05). These findings offer data support and a theoretical foundation for the research and conservation of soil biodiversity in forest ecosystems of the Central Subtropical Karst World Heritage Property.
Research on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Load in Shaanxi Based on Output Coefficient Method
LI Jian-xun, LI Ming-wan, LIU Xiao-yu, YANG Li
2023, 39(4):  523-529.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1191
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In order to more accurately evaluate the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shaanxi Province, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load of agricultural non-point source pollution were estimated by using the output coefficient method. The results show that, in 2020, the TN and TP load of agricultural non-point source pollutants in Shaanxi Province were 38 835.9 t and 9 150.1 t, respectively. The difference in the spatial distribution of the cities is influencial to the load amount and load intensity of TN and TP. The TN and TP load amounts were relatively high in the cities of Ankang, Hanzhong and Yulin, while the TN and TP load intensities were relatively high in the cities of Xi'an, Xianyang, and Weinan. Different types of pollution sources contributed differently to TN and TP loads. A large proportion of TN and TP came from rural domestic pollution and livestock and poultry breeding pollution. The research results can provide references for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region and for the promotion of the adjustment and upgrading of the local agricultural structure.
Pollution Source Apportionment of Changtan Reservoir of Zhejiang Province Based on APCS-MLR Model
LIU Zhuang, DING Cheng-cheng, CHAO Jian-ying, ZHENG Zhi-bo, CUI Yi-bin
2023, 39(4):  530-539.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0665
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Based on the water quality monitoring data of Changtan Reservoir between 2010-2020, principal component analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the primary pollution sources of Changtan Reservoir. Contributions of different pollution sources to each pollution factor of Changtan Reservoir were quantified by APCS-MLR (absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression) model. Research results show that the primary pollution sources of Changtan Reservoir are endogenous pollution source, domestic pollution source and agricultural none point source. Organic pollutants and Chl-a (chlorophyll a) of Changtan Reservoir are mainly from endogenous pollution source. The endogenous pollution source contribute 75.52% of CODMn, 51.39% of CODCr, 67.00% of BOD5 and 63.65% of Chl-a. Nitrogen mainly comes from domestic pollution source. The domestic pollution source contribute 38.54% of NH4+-N, 46.80% of NO3--N and 77.69% of TN. Phosphorus is mainly from agricultural none point source which contributed 44.51% of phosphorus. The concentrations of TN and TP are relatively higher in Changtan Reservoir and they are mainly from external pollution sources. Lack of effective control of nitrogen and phosphorus from the pollution sources will put Changtan Reservoir at the risk of eutrophication. In the process of formulating the pollution control scheme of Changtan Reservoir, more attention should be paid on the domestic pollution source and the agricultural none point source.
Effects of Adding Mushroom Residue on Aggregates Composition of Different Texture Soils
XU Shuang
2023, 39(4):  540-546.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0706
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Constant temperature culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding mushroom residue on the composition and properties of soil water-stable aggregates with different soil textures. The results show that adding mushroom residue mainly increased the content of 1-2 mm agglomerates in sandy loam soil and the content of 3-5 mm agglomerates in medium clay soil. By adding 1% mushroom residue to the medium clay for 30 days, the properties of the aggregates were significantly improved, while when the proportion of mushroom residue reached to more than 15%. The average weight diameter and geometric average weight diameter of the aggregates did not increase significantly with the increase of the cultivation time. When the proportion of mushroom residue in the sandy loam soil reached to 15% and 30%, the average weight diameter and geometric average weight diameter of the aggregates gradually increased with the increase of the cultivation time. Cultivating soil with mushroom residue can effectively improve the condition of soil aggregates, and the improvement of the finer-textured soil is stronger than the coarser-textured soil.
Cadmium Accumulation and Pollution Reduction Potential of Different Rice Varieties on Cadmium-contaminated Soils
SHEN Yi-chen, TU Chen, QIU Wei, ZHU Xia, FAN Wan-yi, CAO Zhen-yu, ZHU Xiao-fang, LUO Yong-ming
2023, 39(4):  547-555.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0123
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In order to compare the cadmium (Cd) accumulation capacity of different rice varieties in Cd-contaminated soils, and to screen the high Cd-accumulating rice varieties with strong pollution reduction potential, pot experiments were conducted in this study to analyze the agronomic traits and Cd accumulation characteristics of 6 different rice varieties on two Cd-contaminated soils with Cd concentration of 0.41 mg·kg-1 (slightly polluted soil) and 0.80 mg·kg-1 (mildly polluted soil), respectively. The changes in CaCl2 extractable and NH4OAc extractable Cd content in the soil after the removal of the rice plants were also compared. The results show that rice varieties Luyou 616 (Lu-616), 383 and Yangdao 6 (9311) had larger aboveground biomass, and the Cd contents in their shoots and unpolished rice were significantly higher than those of other varieties. The aboveground bioaccumulation factors (BCF) of these rice varieties were > 1. Meanwhile, rice varieties 371 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ) showed lower Cd accumulation capability, and the Cd accumulation capability of all the rice varieties were consistent with the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) test of their Cd-accumulation related molecular markers. In the slightly Cd-polluted soil, the amount of Cd uptake by the rice varieties Lu-616 and 9311 were 40.11 and 22.24 μg per pot, respectively. In the mildly Cd-polluted soil, the amount of Cd uptake by rice varieties Lu-616, 383 and 9311 were 127.46, 93.76 and 90.58 μg per pot, respectively. After rice harvest, both the CaCl2 and NH4OAc extractable Cd in the mildly polluted soil were decreased compared to the unplanted control except for the variety HHZ, and the reduction rate of CaCl2 extractable Cd was higher than that of NH4OAc extractable Cd. The reduction rates of NH4OAc-extractable Cd in the soil planted with rice varieties Lu-616, 383 and 9311 reached to 14.36%, 21.29% and 14.47%, respectively. The uptake of Cd in the aboveground parts of rice were positively correlated with the reduction of CaCl2 and NH4OAc extractable Cd in soil. The results of the study may provide a plant solution to the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils.
Research on Rice Area Extraction Based on Sentinel SAR Data and Multi-spectral Data
ZHANG Zheng-yun, JIANG Wen-yuan, ZHANG Yan-min, LUO Hang
2023, 39(4):  556-564.  doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0127
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The monitoring of rice distribution and area can provide scientific decision-making basis for rice yield estimation, agricultural water resource consumption and evaluation. Till now, there are few researches on rice recognition in single-cropping rice region of North China, so it has great value to find a recognition method suitable for northern rice growing areas. With Tianjin as the research area, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 as the data sources, rice was extracted from the study area based on the temporal variation characteristics of rice backscattering coefficient and spectral characteristics of rice at different growth stages, and the extraction accuracy of both methods was compared. The results show that:(1) The combination of Sentinel-1 images at transplanting, jointing and heading stages can be used to identify rice, and the accuracy of rice producers and users are both above 90%; (2) At the transplanting and maturing stages of rice, the combination of Sentinel-2 near infrared, short wave infrared and visible red light bands could easyly identify rice, and the accuracy of identifying rice producers and users was above 96%. The combination effect of B12+B8+B4 band was the best at the maturing stage; (3) Based on the combination of Sentinel-2 B12+B8+B4 band at rice maturity stage, rice extraction using support vector machine method (SVM) is a suitable method for single-cropping rice recognition in North China.. Using this method, the rice planting area in 2016, 2018 and 2021 was about 399.04, 586.67 and 764.55 km2, respectively, with an increase of 365.51 km2 in five years, which was consistent with the actual situation of Tianjin. This method is simple and feasible in technique and can provide reference for improving the efficiency and accuracy of rice monitoring in northern China's rice growing areas.