Abstract: The effect of land use, ditch vegetation and water condition on nutrients accumulation of ditch sediments under different planting patterns in the Chaihe Catchment was analyzed through in situ sampling of surface waters and sediments. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and total phosphorus in ditch sediments followed the order:greenhouse land > vegetable land > corn field, suggesting that the land use and management is the main factor influencing nutrients accumulation of ditch sediments. The changes of ditch vegetation and water condition led to the nutrients difference of ditch sediments in the early and late rainy season. In addition, the long-term accumulation of nutrients in ditch sediments will consequently bring potential threats to the stability of the ditch wetland ecosystem on removing nonpoint source pollutants. Based on the above results, the optimization of agriculture soil planting structure and management should be the most important content in the control of agricultural nonpoint source pollutants.