Abstract: By considering the coupling of landscape patterns and space, the evolution of landscape patterns in Tarim Ba-sin was studied through analyzing multi-source remote sensing images.The influence of landscape pattern on carbon bud-get was also investigated in this study.The results show that:(1) The vegetation condition in Tarim Basin becomes better due to the positive influence of climate change and human activities.The woodland area and the cultivated area both sig-nificantly increased while the grassland area slightly increased; (2) The carbon budget in Tarim Basin is in good condi-tion with carbon sequestration.Its capacity gradually increased from 2001 to 2010; (3) Although current human activi-ties including sand prevention and carbon fixation, water delivery, and water conductivity improved the ecological envi-ronment in Tarim Basin, further ecological management should be carried out considering climate change impacts.