Abstract: Ecological Security Assessment (ESA) is the basis and premise of ecological security research. The development progress of ESA is reviewed, and the concept and connotation of ESA are summarized. The following several aspects are focused on the construction of ecological security evaluation index, establishment of evaluation index weight, application of evaluation method, and classification of evaluation results. Based on the review, the problems which exist in the current ecological security evaluation are discussed and the development direction of ecological security evaluation research are prospected. The research aims to provide references for technological innovation and exploration for future development of ESA.