Abstract: Human health will be endangered by long term drinking of water containing excessive fluorine. Cow bone biochar, pig bone biochar, chicken bone biochar and activated alumina were selected as materials to study their capacity to adsorb fluorine based on isothermal adsorption experiments, dynamic adsorption experiments, continuous water column and small-scale experiments. The adsorption materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area measurement(BET) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Results show that the adsorption kinetics of fluorine by the four materials accorded with quasi-second-order kinetics model, which belonged to chemical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of fluorine by activated alumina, cow bone biochar, pig bone biochar and chicken bone biochar were 2.487, 5.336, 7.974 and 7.236 mg·g^-1, respectively. The adsorption capacity and affinity for fluorine was greater for bone biochar than activated alumina. Treating low-concentration fluorine groundwater in rural areas with activated alumina does not reduce the fluorine concentration sufficiently to meet the drinking water standard. However, good fluorine adsorption is found when using bone biochar resulting in the quality of treated groundwater meeting the drinking water standard.