Abstract: To explore the diversity and characteristics of traditional rural weed communities in response to heterogeneous habitats, the ruderal species composition of Canhuashan Village were investigated. The village is located in northeastern Sichuan Province and retains various types of traditional rural habitats such as farmland, ponds, cemeteries and forests. The investigation were conducted in October 2016, and January, May and August 2017, and TWINSPAN classification and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were employed to analyze the ruderal communities. A total of 238 weed species belonging to 181 genera and 61 families of recorded in the area, with dominant families of Compositae and Gramineae. Six ruderal community types were identified by using the TWINSPAN. Illumination intensity and soil moisture were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of ruderal communities as result of CCA analysis, indicating that weed species, habitat types and community types showed similar distribution patterns, which was consistent with the results by using TWINSPAN. This research highlighted that traditional villages were characterized by diversified habitat types affected by the process of traditional production and living of rural aborigines, and this would be the important maintenance mechanisms of rural biodiversity.