Abstract: Wetlands constructed beside Dianchi Lake play important roles in reducing non-point source pollution and maintaining the ecological diversity. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to reveal the bacterial community structures in the sediments grown with three representative emergent plants, Acorus calamus, Phragmites communis and Canna indica in Dounan Wetland beside Dianchi Lake. The results show that the bacteria occupying relatively high abundance at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria were the unknown genus belonging to Anaerolineaceae and Pseudomonas. The richness and diversity of the bacterial communities in sediment with Acorus calamus were the largest. The bacterial richness in sediment with Phragmites communis was higher than that with Canna indica, but the diversity was lower. The bacterial community structure in sediments from different sampling points with the same macrophyte was similar, but was greatly different in those with different macrophytes, indicating that plant species had a significant effect on sediment bacterial community characteristics. The contents of available phosphorus and organic matter had a greater effect on α and β diversities of the sediment bacterial communities compared with nitrate and ammonium contents.