麻纤维地膜还田对土壤-蔬菜系统养分和重金属含量的影响

    Effects of Bast Fiber Mulching Film Returning on Nutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in Soil-Vegetable System

    • 摘要: 通过田间微区试验,模拟研究长期麻纤维地膜还田(0~10次)对土壤养分、有效态重金属、小白菜生长及其养分和重金属含量的影响。设麻纤维地膜埋入量0(T0)、35(T1)、70(T2)、175(T3)和350 g·m-2(T4)5个处理,分别模拟使用麻纤维地膜并残膜还田0、1、2、5和10次。结果表明,麻纤维地膜还田可显著提升土壤速效氮磷钾含量,最大增幅分别为4.47%、20.70%和24.62%,还可有效提高小白菜生物量(鲜重)和氮磷钾含量,最高分别增加110.79%和18.31%、14.76%和39.99%,其效应随地膜还田量增大呈增强趋势;麻纤维地膜还田对土壤有效态铅、镍、锌含量以及植株锌和锰含量无明显影响,但可显著降低植株铅和镍的含量,最大降幅可达24.95%和21.77%,麻纤维地膜还田在一定程度上提高了小白菜植株镉含量。总体来看,麻纤维地膜还田能改善土壤氮磷钾的供应水平,促进小白菜生长和氮磷钾的吸收,而对微量营养元素和重金属有效性的影响相对较小。

       

      Abstract: A micro-plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of bast fiber mulching film returning (0 to 10 times) on the nutrients and available heavy metals in soil, the growth, and nutrients and the heavy metals contents in pakchoi. Five treatments were performed, including 0 (T0), 35 (T1), 70 (T2), 175 (T3) and 350 g·m-2 (T4). The above five treatments represented the application times of bast fiber mulching film as 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. The results indicate that the soil alkaline hydrolysis N, available P and K significantly increased by up to 4.47%, 20.70% and 24.62% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control (T0). The bast fiber mulching film returning promoted the growth of pakchoi, with the highest increase in fresh weight of pakchoi and the contents of N, P and K in pakchoi by 110.79%, 18.31%, 14.76%, and 39.99% (P < 0.05), respectively. And these physiological properties were increased with the increasing of the bast fiber mulching film returning times. There were no significant difference on the change of available Pb, Ni and Zn in soil and the Zn and Mn concentration in pakchoi under these treatments. Although the content of Pb and Ni in pakchoi were significantly decreased by up to 24.95% and 21.77% (P < 0.05). The Cd concentration was slightly increased after the bast fiber mulching film returning. In conclusion, the bast fiber mulching film returning can increase the soil available nutrients contents, and promote the growth and the absorption of N, P and K of pakchoi, but has no significant influence on the micronutrients or heavy metals availability.

       

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