Abstract: The long-term and inappropriate utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused a series of chain reactions such as environmental pollution, which has attracted the attention of more and more parties, non-governmental organizations and experts. As one of the important parts of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), addressing the issue of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has implications for related issues in the Convention such as environmental pollution, agricultural biodiversity, sustainable supply chains, incentive measures and mainstreaming. This study systematically collected and compared the data of the current status of the utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides domestically and abroad, sorted out the progress and evolution of the goals and targets related to the Convention, and deeply analyzed the severe situation and existing problems in this field. On this basis, the following four suggestions are put forward: (1) An ecological agricultural production system should be established to achieve the three objectives of the Convention with balance, and improve the efficiency of utilization of the fertilizer and pesticide; (2) The supervision system for the sustainable supply chain should be improved to reduce pollution and biodiversity loss in the supply chain process; (3) It is necessary to clarify that China reached zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers utilization in 2020, and there is no more subsidy policies that are negtive to the conservation of biodiversity in this field; (4) Policies on control of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be included in national agricultural policies, and be combined with other sectoral strategies such as green development and circular economy. As the host country and chair-designate of the Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15) of the Convention, China will take the COP15 as an opportunity to achieve synergy and effective solutions to significant issues such as pollution, mainstreaming, harmful subsidies, sustainable supply chain, so as to lay a foundation for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and provide valuable support for sustainable transformation of China's agriculture.