浙西南山区自然圣境植物物种多样性及其维持机制

    Study on the Plant Species Diversity and Management of the Sacred Nature Sites in the Mountain Area of Southwestern Zhejiang, China

    • 摘要: 自然圣境在生物多样性和文化多样性保护方面具有特殊地位。采用关键人物访谈、重要值、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数等方法,对浙西南钱江源-百山祖国家公园片区及其周边8个代表性村寨的4种自然圣境〔风水林、水口林(水尾林)、古坟林和古道林〕及其植物群落和植物物种多样性特征进行调查。结果发现,裸子植物在浙西南圣境乔木层中占有明显优势,但不同的自然圣境乔木层优势科和物种多样性存在差异。由于文化信仰和当地管理的作用,圣境中保存一些我国特有的珍稀濒危动植物,并且圣境中许多植物具有较高的食用、景观、科研、生态和经济等价值。然而,随着人口外流,文化信仰逐步消失,已难以保护这些自然圣境,急需创新管护机制,将重要但遭受威胁的自然圣境纳入现代保护体系中。

       

      Abstract: Sacred nature sites (SNS) play a significant role in biodiversity and cultural diversity conservation. Taking the methodologies of key informant interview, species important value, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index, plant community and its species diversity of four categories of SNS which locate in eight villages around and/or in the Qianjiangyuan & Baishanzu National Park at southwestern Zhejiang, namely, geomancy forest, village-entrances forest, ancient-tomb forest and ancient-road forest, were investigated. It indicates that gymnosperm possesses an obvious superiority in the tree layer of all SNS categories, but the dominant family and its species diversity are diverse in different categories of the SNS. Some endemic, rare and endangered flora and fauna as well as edible, aesthetical, scientific, ecological and economic plants are protected in the SNS due to the maintenance of cultural belief and customary governance by local people. However, the protection of the SNS is facing some challenges for the reason of population outflow and gradual fadeaway of cultural belief. It is urgently necessary to update the governance mechanism of SNS in order to integrate important but endangered SNS into modern governance.

       

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