紫茉莉β-谷甾醇对镉处理的浓度响应及其化感效应

    β-sitosterol from Mirabilis jalapa Treated with Cadmium: Concentration Responses and Allelopathic Effects

    • 摘要: 外来入侵植物紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa)对镉(Cd)具有一定的富集能力, 但对其他植物也会产生化感效应, 其植株体内已被检测到甾醇类物质, 对其他植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长会产生不同程度的影响。虽然有关紫茉莉对作物化感效应方面已有一些研究, 但大多是在非重金属污染条件下进行, 有关Cd处理下紫茉莉化感效应的报道甚少。采用室内水培法研究不同Cd浓度处理下外来入侵植物紫茉莉根系分泌物对黄豆和玉米的化感效应, 以及紫茉莉植株和根系分泌物中化感物质β-谷甾醇含量和Cd处理下外源添加不同浓度β-谷甾醇(0、0.125、0.5、1、2 mg·L-1)对黄豆和玉米的化感效应。结果表明, 不同Cd浓度处理下, 紫茉莉根系分泌物会对2种作物产生化感抑制作用, 但对黄豆的抑制作用高于玉米。紫茉莉根部β-谷甾醇含量显著高于茎、叶; 根部β-谷甾醇含量在高浓度Cd处理下显著减少, 其根分泌物中β-谷甾醇含量则显著增加。Cd处理下外源添加0.125 mg·L-1β-谷甾醇时, 黄豆和玉米种子发芽及幼苗生长均受到显著抑制, 其他β-谷甾醇处理浓度对玉米幼苗生长则表现为促进作用, 黄豆则受到不同程度的化感抑制作用。随β-谷甾醇添加浓度升高, 黄豆幼苗叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先升高后下降的趋势, 黄豆叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量在0.125 mg·L-1β-谷甾醇浓度下显著高于对照, 玉米MDA含量变化则不显著; 玉米幼苗叶片的SOD和CAT活性则呈升高趋势。同时, 在低、高浓度β-谷甾醇处理下, 黄豆和玉米幼苗的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量与对照相比均显著下降。Cd处理下不同浓度β-谷甾醇对2种作物的化感效应不同, 且对黄豆的化感抑制作用强于玉米。因此, 可优先选择玉米与紫茉莉进行Cd污染土壤的间作修复。

       

      Abstract: Mirabilis jalapa, an alien invasive plant, can accumulate cadmium (Cd) and exert allelopathic effects to other plants. The detected sterols in M. jalapa will significantly affect seed germination and seedling growth of other plants. Although the allelopathic effects of M. jalapa on crops without heavy metal have been reported, few studies focus on the allelopathic effects in the coexistence of Cd. A hydroponic experiment was conducted at different Cd concentrations to determine the allelopathic effects of root exudates from M. jalapa on soybean and maize, the content of β-sitosterol in different parts of M. jalapa and its root exudates, and the allelopathic effects of exogenous β-sitosterol with different concentration (0, 0.125, 0.5, 1, 2 mg·L-1) on soybean and maize. The results show that with Cd stress, the allelopathic inhibition effect of root exudates from M. jalapa on soybean was stronger than that on maize. The content of β-sitosterol in the roots of M. jalapa was significantly higher than that in the stems and leaves. The content of β-sitosterol in the roots significantly reduced at high Cd concentration, while the content of β-sitosterol in the root exudates significantly increased. The seed germination and seedling growth of soybean and maize were significantly inhibited at the addition of 0.125 mg·L-1 β-sitosterol, but the seedling growth of maize was promoted by the addition of other concentrations of β-sitosterol. The seed germination and seedling growth of soybean were inhibited with different allelopathic degree. With the increasing concentration of β-sitosterol, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of soybean seedlings were firstly increased but then decreased. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA, a product of cell membrane lipid peroxidation) in soybean leaves was significantly higher than that of the control at the addition of 0.125 mg·L-1 β-sitosterol. However, the variation of MDA content in maize leaves was not significant. Comparatively, the activities of SOD and CAT in leaves of maize was increased. At low or high β-sitosterol concentration, the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents in the leaves of the two crops were significantly decreased compared with the control. At Cd stress, the allelopathic inhibition of β-sitosterol on soybean was higher than that on maize. Therefore, the remediation of Cd-polluted soil by the intercropping of maize and M. jalapa is feasible.

       

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