Abstract: This paper explores farmers' livelihood resilience and its influencing factors before and after the implementation of relocation for poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken Karst areas, which is of great significance to enhance the potential of farmers' livelihood resilience and promote the sustainable development of their livelihood. Based on the data obtained from questionnaire surveys that were carried out among 126 relocated households from 2019 to 2021, a livelihood resilience framework was established by introducing the idea of sustainable livelihood analysis, the livelihood resilience of the relocated households was measured, the farmers' livelihood resilience and its influencing factors before and after the relocation were compared and analyzed, and the relevant measures for promoting the livelihood of relocated households are put forward. The results show that the farmers' livelihood resilience was on an upward trend after they were relocated to the site in Zhexiang Town, with an increase of 25.24% from 2019 to 2021; the variation of famers' livelihood resilience in different dimensions ranks from big to small as follows: learning ability > buffering ability > self-organizing ability; the livelihood resilience of relocated farmers' households is influenced by core factors such as family economic conditions, social security, risk coping abilities etc. The potential of farmers' livelihood resilience was significantly different before and after they were relocated to Zhexiang Town, with different growth trends in different dimensions. The sustainable development of relocated farmers' livelihood can be further promoted by improving their income levels and learning abilities, as well as guaranteeing social security.