Abstract: Nanotechnology is expected to alleviate the food crisis caused by population growth to a certain extent, and the slow-release, high-efficiency and low-dose properties of nano-scale agrochemicals (e.g. nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides) reduce negative environmental impacts caused by traditional agricultural chemicals. This review article focuses on the intrinsic mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to control crop diseases through direct and indirect pathways. The article focuses on ENMs to resist oxidative stress caused by pathogen invasion in plants by regulating plant nutrition, inducing antioxidant enzyme activity and improving plant photosynthesis. In addition, it is also demonstrated that ENMs induced plant systematic acquired resistance (SAR) to enhance their disease resistance. In conclusion, an in-depth exploration of the disease resistance mechanism of ENMs can effectively improve plant disease management, achieve an increase in crop yield and quality, and greatly reduce the negative impact of traditional agrochemicals on the agro-ecological environment.