Abstract: To investigate the pollution characteristics, environmental risks, and contamination sources of pyrolysis residues from oily waste in Xinjiang, a total of 400 typical samples were collected from two oilfields in the study area. The sample matrix encompassed pyrolysis residues of oily sludge and oil-based drill cuttings (denoted as KL-S and KL-D, TL-S and TL-D). It is expected that this study will provide data support for the environmental regulation and comprehensive utilization of pollution control standards for the pyrolysis residue of oily waste. The results show that Ba, petroleum solvent, fluoride, and Ni were the main pollutants in the pyrolysis residue of oily waste in the study area, with maximum values of 7 270, 2 300, 970, and 110 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Other pollutants, such as Pb, As, Sb, Hg, Se, cyanide, exhibited relatively lower concentrations. There are significant differences in the pollutant content of pyrolysis residues from oily waste in different oil fields, mainly influenced by chemical treatment agents during oil and gas extraction and the geological background of the oil field extraction area. By adjusting the pyrolysis process parameters, the pyrolysis residues in the same geological area could be rendered non-hazardous. Correlation analysis show that there was a strong correlation between Se and Hg (r=-0.70), Ni and Se (r=0.74) in KL-S, and Se and Ba (r=0.88) in KL-D. In addition, the correlation coefficients of various pollutants in KL-S and KL-D were all higher than 0.3, and the level was significant (P < 0.01), indicating that the pollutants in the pyrolysis residue of oily waste in Karamay Oilfield had the possibility of the same source. The results of principal component analysis indicate that KL-S and KL-D could respectively screen out three principal components, with cumulative contribution rates of 71.46% and 63.39%, respectively. The heavy metal load in the principal components was relatively high, mainly derived from chemical treatment agents used in oil and gas extraction processes and the natural geological background of the extraction area.