Abstract: Much attentien has been paid to sustainability of agroecoaystems because of negative effects of modern agricultural production on environment. Results of research and analysis on independence of rice production, long-term maintenance and enhancement of productivity, nutrient cycling and losses, maintenance and improvement of soil fertility, and economic returns showed that rice production in organic-based farm system was more sustainable than that of inorganic-based farm system.However, fertilizer input and crop yield in the system were still low. It is necessary to look for new sources of organic fertilizers to increase fertilizer input and crop yield to meet the demand of increasing population.lt is very important for the sustainabiiity of rice production in inorganic-based farm system to reduce N losses,its utilization and pollution to environment, apply other nutrients properly to maintain nutrient balance of paddy fields, and improve cultivation practices. More research on environmental effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers may be able i:o provide new evidence on sustainable agriculture.