Abstract: At CBD COP-10 convened on 29 October 2010, in Nagoya of Japan, a decision was made to establish an Open-ended Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Committee (ICNP), which is charged with the responsibility of preparing for the convention of COP/MOP-1 for the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing(ABS) to discuss the issue of fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. ICNP had already three meetings (ICNP-1, ICNP-2 and ICNP-3) held in June 2011, July 2012 and February 2014, separately, in Canada, India and Korea, discussing problems that may arise when the Protocol goes into effect for implementation. After scrutinizing the viewpoints of various signatory countries and governments of some other countries about some major topics, such as two-year program budgeting, rules of procedure for COP/MOP, global multilateral benefit-sharing mechanisms, ABS information clearing house, capacity building, consciousness raising, procedures and mechanisms for compliance, monitoring and reporting, and model contract clauses, etc., the paper has summarized progresses of the meetings, analyzed comprehensively achievements of the negotiations on these topics, and talked in depth about positive effects of the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol may generate and challenges it may face.